采前氯化钙和水杨酸处理对蟠枣采后贮藏品质的影响

Effect of Preharvest Treatments of Calcium Chloride and Salicylic Acid on Postharvest Storage Quality of Flat Jujube

为探究采前处理对蟠枣果实采后贮藏品质的影响,以新疆主栽鲜食品种蟠枣为研究对象,分别于果实花期、幼果期、膨大期、着色期采用清水(CK)、10 g/L氯化钙(CaCl_(2))、100 mmol/L水杨酸(SA)和10 g/L CaCl_(2)+100 mmol/L SA进行采前喷施处理,采收后置于常温货架贮藏,每天统计果实的转红率、转红指数、腐烂率和失重率,测定果实的可溶性固形物含量、硬度和色泽等指标。结果表明:采前喷施CaCl_(2)、SA和CaCl_(2)+SA均可一定程度上抑制蟠枣的转红和腐烂,使其保持较低的失重率,使果实维持较高的可溶性固形物含量和硬度,保持较好的色泽,其中,10 g/L CaCl_(2)+100 mmol/L SA采前处理效果最佳,常温货架8 d时,果实的转红率和腐烂率分别较对照低23.34个百分点和36.66个百分点,失重率仅为1.68%,果实可溶性固形物含量维持在21.47%,硬度为9.45 kg/cm^(2),保持较好的商品性。综上,采前喷施10 g/L CaCl_(2)+100 mmol/L SA能有效保持蟠枣采后贮藏品质。

To study the effect of preharvest treatments of calcium chloride(CaCl_(2))and salicylic acid(SA)on posthar⁃vest fresh-keeping of jujube(flat jujube),the main fresh-eating variety in Xinjiang,the treatments of preharvest spray⁃ing with water(control),10 g/L CaCl_(2),100 mmol/L salicylic acid and 10 g/L CaCl_(2)+100 mmol/L SA on flat jujube at flo⁃rescence,young fruit stage,fruit expansion stage,and fruit coloring stage respectively were studied at room tempera⁃ture after harvesting,the sensory indexes such as redness rate,reddening index,decay rate and weight loss rate were counted,and the indexes of the soluble solid content,the hardness and color were measured every day.The results showed that,preharvest spraying CaCl_(2),SA and CaCl_(2)+SA treatments all could inhibit turn red and decay,keep the lower level of weight loss rate,maintain higher levels of soluble solid content and hardness,and maintain better colour of fruits.Among three preharvest treatments,the 10 g/L CaCl_(2)+100 mmol/L SA compound treatment was the best meth⁃od,the redness rate and decay rate of fruits were 23.34 and 36.66 percentage points lower than the control(CK),the weight loss rate was only 1.68%,the soluble solid content was 21.47%,the hardness was 9.45 kg/cm^(2)after 8 days of stor⁃age at room temperature,and maintain the better fruit marketability.In conclusion,preharvest spraying 10 g/L CaCl_(2)+100 mmol/L SA effectively maintained the postharvest storage quality of flat jujube.