东北亚海洋国家的海洋管辖权主张及划界分析

The Case Study of Maritime Jurisdiction Claims and Delimitation of Maritime States in Northeast Asia

朝鲜、韩国、日本、俄罗斯这四个东北亚海洋国家都签署了《联合国海洋法公约》,并都依据《公约》竭力维护各自的海洋管辖权主张。目前,东北亚有日韩《关于确定邻接两国的大陆架北部边界的协定》《苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟和朝鲜民主主义人民共和国关于划定苏联和朝鲜国家边界的条约》《苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟和朝鲜民主主义人民共和国之间专属经济区和大陆架边界协定》三个生效的海洋划界条约/协定。四国竭力扩展各自的海洋管辖权主张范围以便在海洋划界中占据有利法律地位。四国海洋划界原则和实践中适用等距离方法。这些特点为中国未来与朝韩日三国海洋划界提供了启示,可以考虑务实适用“等距离/有关情况”规则或公平原则。

The four Northeast Asian maritime countries,DPRK,ROK,Japan,and Russia,have signed the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS),and try to safeguard their own claims to maritime jurisdiction based on the UNCLOS.There are three Treaty/Agreements which have gone into effect,namely Agreement between Ja⁃pan and the ROK concerning the Establishment of Boundary in the Northern part of the Continental Shelf Adjacent to the Two Countries signed in 1974,Treaty between the USSR and the DPRK on the Demarcation of the Soviet-Korean National Border signed in 1985,and Agreement between the USSR and the DPRK on the Delimita⁃tion of the Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf signed in 1986.There are two characteristics of the four countries’claims to maritime jurisdiction and the three de⁃limitation cases.First,the four countries have tried to expand their own claims to maritime jurisdiction so that they can jockey favorable legal status in the maritime de⁃limitation.Second the four countries proposed or applied the principle of equidis⁃tance to divide the maritime zones.This article puts forward two thoughts on mari⁃time delimitation among China and the three countries including DPRK,ROK,and Japan as follows:Firstly,Chinese academics need to consider the claims to maritime jurisdiction of the Northeast Asian countries from the perspective of the third party.Secondly,China can pragmatically apply the equidistance/relevant circumstances or the equitable principles to the future maritime delimitation with its maritime neigh⁃bors in the Northeast Asia.For example,the equidistance/relevant circumstances principle can be applied to China-DPRK EEZ/continental shelf delimitation in the North Yellow Sea,China-ROK EEZ/continental shelf delimitation in the South Yel⁃low Sea,and China-Japan EEZ delimitation in the East China Sea.The equitable principle can be applied to China-Japan continental shelf delimitation in the East China Sea.