需求层次理论视域下农村积分制分层推进研究——以L县D村的实践为例

The Stratified Advancement of the Credit System in Rural Area from the Perspective of Hierarchy of Needs——A Case Study of Village D in County L

在乡村治理中推行积分制,旨在通过“积分—奖励”的形式,动员群众参与乡村治理,提升乡村治理效能,形成共建共治共享的社会治理新格局。积分制动员农民群众参与的关键在于对其多层次需求的回应并形成有效激励。在生存需求层面,注重物质激励与制度保障;在相互关系需求层面,提供精神激励,注重公共空间营造与社会舆论约束;在发展需求层面,注重发展激励,强调主体素养培育与发展平台搭建。为提升积分制的适用性和有效性,应在推进前识别村民多层次需求,制度设计回应村民多层次需求,推进过程中满足村民多层次需求。

For the purpose of mobilizing farmers to participate into and enhance the efficiency of the governance,a credit system has been implemented in rural governance.Thus,a new social governance pattern can be created.The new social governance is,by and for farmers through the credit-reward form.The key to mobilizing farmers to participate in the credit system lies in fulfilling their multi-level needs and creating effective incentives.As for physiological needs,emphasis is placed on material incentives and institutional guarantees.In terms of love and belongingness needs,the priority is put on providing psychological motivation which focuses on creating public spaces and constraints of public opinion.Regarding self-actualization needs,the attachment is laid upon development incentives which highlight the cultivation of subjects’competencies and the platform construction.To enhance the applicability and effectiveness of the credit system,it is necessary to identify the multi-level needs of villagers at first.The system design should respond to the multi-level needs of the villagers and satisfy the needs during the promotion of the system.