通识教育视角下批判性思维能力的培养

Cultivation of Critical Thinking Skills from the General Education Perspective

社会发展对高等教育提出了批判性思维的培养目标。培养批判性思维有不同的教学路向,但最基本的途径是逻辑通识教育。批判性思维的兴起引发了逻辑通识教学改革的不同路径:一方面,它引起人们对传统逻辑的回归,主张逻辑通识教育应以传统逻辑、普通逻辑、导论逻辑为主要内容,强调能力的培养和素养的形成;另一方面,形成了非形式逻辑新体系,主张以论证为主线重组逻辑学理论内容作为逻辑通识教学的基本内容。通过对两种逻辑通识教学改革的路径进行对比发现:向传统逻辑回归的逻辑通识教育改革更容易实现,以非形式逻辑新体系为主要教学内容的逻辑通识教学改革因对教师水平和学生的逻辑基础要求较高使得其实现相对困难,但这样改革代表着逻辑学的发展方向,更利于学生批判性思维能力的培养。

The development of society has put forward the goal of cultivating critical thinking in higher education.There are different teaching paths to cultivate critical thinking,but the most basic path is logic general education.The rise of critical thinking has triggered different paths for the reform of logic general education:on the one hand,it has caused people to return to traditional logic,advocating that logic general education should take traditional logic,common logic and introductory logic as the main content,emphasizing the cultivation of ability and the formation of literacy;on the other hand,a new system of non-formal logic has been formed,advocating the reorganization of the theoretical content of logic with the main line of argumentation as the logic general education Basic content.It is believed that it is easier to realize the reform of general education of logic which returns to traditional logic,and it is relatively difficult to realize the reform of general education of logic which takes the new system of non-formal logic as the main content of teaching because of the high requirements on the level of teachers and the logic foundation of the students,but this reform represents the direction of the development of logic,and is more conducive to the cultivation of the students’ability to think critically.