论如何开展跨学科教育

How to Conduct Transdisciplinary Education

跨学科教育是一种旨在培养跨学科能力的多学科综合训练过程。从跨学科能力的角度看,跨学科教育中并不存在所谓的“中心—边缘”的学科关系,跨学科能力所蕴含的不同学科知识的具体内容是与主题设计同时确立的,它不但不以某个单学科课程为逻辑前提,而且还常常超出现有单学科课程的知识范围。跨学科教育自身的目的和功能决定了它是一种需要独立开发新型课程的课程改革。目前我国的跨学科教育亟待解决的问题包括:(1)缺乏正式的跨学科课程,使得跨学科教育无法形成稳定的、普惠的教育力量;(2)跨学科教师的专业能力不足,只能片面追求跨学科教育的某些外部形式特征;(3)缺乏基于质的日常教育过程管理,无法对跨学科教育过程做出有效的即时管理。要解决这些问题,我们需要通过课程开发技术和教学设计技术实现课程开发的技术化,利用教育众筹机制实现跨学科教师的专业化,通过过程机制图等技术手段实现教育过程管理的现代化,使跨学科教育逐渐走出精英主义+经验主义状态,走上技术化、专业化、教育众筹以及生态升级的道路。

Transdisciplinary education is a multidisciplinary comprehensive training process,aiming at cultivating interdisciplinary capabilities.From the perspective of transdisciplinary capabilities,there is no so-called“center-periphery”relationship between disciplines in transdisciplinary education.The specific content of different disciplinary knowledge contained in transdisciplinary capabilities is established simultaneously with the theme design.It does not take a single-discipline curriculum as a logical premise,and often goes beyond the scope of knowledge of existing single-discipline curriculum.The purpose and function of transdisciplinary education itself determine that it is a curriculum reform that means the independent development of new types of courses.The current issues that need to be addressed in our transdisciplinary education include:the lack of formal transdisciplinary curricula,which makes it impossible for transdisciplinary education to become a stable and inclusive educational force;the professional ability of transdisciplinary teachers is insufficient,and they can only pursue some external formal characteristics of transdisciplinary education one-sidedly;the lack of quality-based daily educational process management,which makes it impossible to effectively manage the process of transdisciplinary education in a timely manner.To solve these problems,we need to achieve the technologization of curriculum development through curriculum development technologies and instructional design technologies,professionalize transdisciplinary teachers through educational crowd-funding mechanisms,and modernize educational process management through process mechanism diagrams and other technical means.This will allow transdisciplinary education to gradually move away from the state of elitism and empiricism,and embark on a path of technologization,professionalization,educational crowd-funding and ecological upgrading.