玛曲县退化湿地生态修复治理技术探索

Research on Ecological Restoration and Management Technology of Degraded Wetland in Maqu County

以玛曲县尼玛镇秀玛村至贡北湿地、尼玛镇忠克隧道至县城湿地和欧拉秀玛乡湿地3个存在严重生态环境问题的湿地为例,分析了不同湿地存在的生态环境问题及成因,并提出了山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复理念下的湿地生态修复治理技术。结果表明:湿地水域面积萎缩、鼠害、河道内切和草场退化是该地区的主要生态环境问题,主要受自然和人为2部分因素的影响。基于山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复理念的湿地生态修复技术主要包括鼠害防治、植被恢复、退牧还湿、围栏建设和标识牌建设5部分,根据不同区域的湿地退化程度采取将多种修复技术相结合以实现湿地修复,以期为玛曲县及类似地区的湿地生态修复治理提供参考。

This study takes three wetlands with severe ecological environmental problems as examples:from Xiuma Village to Gongbei Wetland in Nimazhen Town,from Zhongke Tunnel to County City Wetland in Nimazhen Town,and Oula Xiuma Township Wetland.It analyzes the ecological environmental problems and causes of different wetlands and proposes wetland ecological restoration and management techniques based on the concept of integrated conservation and restoration of mountains,waters,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasses,and sands.The results show that the main ecological environmental problems in the region include shrinking wetland water areas,rodent damage,river incision,and grassland degradation,which are mainly influenced by natural and human factors.Based on the concept of integrated conservation and restoration of mountains,waters,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasses,and sands,the main wetland ecological restoration techniques in this study include rodent control,vegetation restoration,grazing cessation and wetland restoration,fence construction,and signboard installation.Combining multiple restoration techniques according to the degree of wetland degradation in different regions can provide a reference for wetland ecological restoration and management in Maqu County and similar areas.