医疗废水污染防治措施研究——以武汉市某医院为例

Study on Prevention and Control Measures of Medical Waste Water——Taking a Hospital in Wuhan as an Example

医院污水处理站是承接医疗废水的终端,因此做好医疗废水的污染防治,降低二次污染风险,是医院环保设计的关键。通过对武汉市某医院水污染防治设计及运营经验的研究,医疗废水处理的运行管理要点如下:为防止医院有害组分通过医疗废水传播和污染环境,通过采取“预消毒池+化粪池+MBBR生化池+混凝沉淀+消毒”工艺,能使废水达标外排。针对余氯超标的状况,需要下游受纳污水处理厂运营方对余氯指标和污泥活性指标加强监测,通过稀释的方法,降低污水对生化处理系统的影响。采用密闭负压手段对关键污水处理构筑物废气进行收集,采取“活性炭+紫外光催化”的处理工艺,能有效控制有害组分产生的气溶胶二次污染。医院污染区雨水可能含有有害组分,须采用单独的管网进行收集,并对雨水进行消毒处理,达标外排市政管网。分析了武汉市某医疗废水处置的措施及其运行效果,废水处置过程中需要重点关注的运行管理要点,旨在为其他医院医疗废水处置提供参考。

Sewage treatment station was the terminal to receive medical wastewater,so it was the key to prevent and control the pollution of medical wastewater and reduce the risk of secondary infection in the environmental design of hospitals.Through the research on the design and operation experience of water pollution prevention and control in a hospital in Wuhan,the key points of operation and management of hospital wastewater treatment were as follows.In order to prevent the spread of infectious disease through the medical wastewater and the envi-ronment pollution,the hospitals have adopted the process of"pre-disinfection tank+septic tank+MBBR bio-chemical tank+coagulation precipitation+disinfection"to make the wastewater discharge meet the standards.In view of the treatment of excess chlorine,it was necessary for the downstream sewage treatment plant operators to strengthen the monitoring of residual chlorine indicators and sludge activity,and reduce the impact of sewage on the biochemical treatment system through dilution.The use of obfurage and negative pressure means to collect the waste gas of key sewage treatment structures,and the treatment process of"activated carbon adsorption+ul-traviolet catalysis"can effectively control the aerosol secondary pollution caused by viruses.Rainwater in pollu-ted areas of hospitals might contain harmful components,so it must be collected by a separate pipe network,and the rainwater should be disinfected and discharged to the municipal pipe network up to the standard.This study analyzed the measures and effects of wastewater treatment in hospitals,and attention should be paid to the key points of operations and management in the process of wastewater treatment in hospitals,aiming to provide a ref-erence for other hospitals for the treatment of medical waste water.