枸橼酸咖啡因在新生儿重症监护室的应用

Application of caffeine citrate in neonatal intensive care unit

枸橼酸咖啡因是甲基黄嘌呤类药物,在新生儿重症监护室主要用于预防和治疗早产儿呼吸暂停,合理使用可提高有创呼吸机的撤机成功率,并降低支气管肺发育不良(BPD)和动脉导管未闭(PDA)的发生率,同时具有脑保护作用,可改善神经系统预后。临床研究已证明咖啡因在当前早产儿群体中使用的安全性,但还需要进一步的研究来确定最佳剂量以及开始和停止使用咖啡因的时间。本文就枸橼酸咖啡因的作用机制、使用剂量、使用时机、停药时机等相关问题进行综述。

Caffeine citrate is a methylxanthine class drug mainly used in neonatal intensive care units to prevent and treat premature infant apnea,reasonable use can improve the success rate of invasive ventilation and reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)and patent ductus arteriosus(PDA),while also having a neuroprotective effect and improving neurological prognosis.Clinical studies have demonstrated the safety of caffeine use in the current population of premature infants,but further research is still needed to determine the optimal dosage and timing for starting and stopping caffeine use.This article reviews the mechanism of action,dosage,timing of use and timing of discontinuation of caffeine citrate.