从个体到集体:各民族交往交流交融的现代实践——以黔东南“姑妈回娘家”活动为例

From Individual to Collective Behavior:Modern Practice of Ethnic Interaction,Exchange,and Integration——Taking the Custom of“Aunt Women Go Back Parents'Home”in Qiandongnan Prefecture in Guizhou Province as an Example

黔东南一带的苗族、侗族等民族,自古便有“姑妈回娘家”习俗,近年来,该习俗由传统个体家户行为转化为村寨集体行动。文章基于黔东南“姑妈回娘家”活动的田野调查案例,分析流动性背景下,随着族际通婚的常态化和通婚圈的扩大,姑妈集体回娘家活动在姑-舅双方共商之下,通过仪式互动、食物共享以及节目共乐等活动内容,营造一种世俗与神圣交织的交往场域,让原本宁静的村寨处于“集体欢腾”之中,强化了参与人员的集体记忆和情感认同。姻亲关系在实践得到强化和丰富的同时,进一步加强了家族与村寨的社会团结,促进了各民族交往交流交融,夯实了中华民族共同体意识的现实基础。

The Miao and Dong ethnic groups in Qiandongnan prefecture in Guizhou Province have had the custom of“Aunt Go back Parents'Home”since ancient times.In recent years,this custom has been transformed from traditional individual behavior to collective behavior of whole villages.The paper is based on the field case of“Aunt Go Back Parents'Home”in Qiandongnan prefecture in Guizhou Province.Under the background of mobility and with the normalization of inter-ethnic marriage and the expansion of inter-marriage circle,married women and their brothers negotiate related activities for this custom.Through activities like interactive ritual,food sharing and entertainment program,“Aunt Go Back Parents'Home”creates a kind of interwoven field of secular and sacred world,makes the original quiet village in“collective jubilation”,and strengthens the collective memory and emotional identification of the participants.Besides enhancing the in-law relationship through activities,it further strengthens the solidarity of the family and the village,promotes ethnic interaction,exchange,and integration,and consolidates the realistic foundation of the strong sense of community for the Chinese nation.