从“栽岩议事”到“府示立碑”:清代黔东南乡村社会治理体系的变迁

From“Burying Stones to Set Rules”to“Government Issues a Notice by Erecting a Monument”:The Changes of the Rural Social Governance System in the Southeast Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty

清雍正年间,随着“开辟苗疆”的实施,使得原本“不隶版图”“不奉约束”的黔东南乡村社会,逐步归入“王化”的“版图”。“新疆六厅”的设置和“编户齐民”的落实,致国家权力下渗到基层乡村。黔东南乡村社会在与国家互动与协商的过程中,治理方式由以“栽岩议事”为主的自治管理,逐步演变成了以“府示立碑”为主的国家治理,但国家治理并未完全取代自治管理,而是呈现出了国家治理与乡村自治共治的局面。民族交往、交流和交融深化。文中以清代古州厅为个案,探究清代黔东南乡村社会治理方式变迁的历史过程。

During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty,with the implementation of"Governing Miaojiang",the rural society of southeastern Guizhou,which was originally"Unaffiliated"and"Unconstrained",gradually fell into the"Landscape"of"Edification by Emperor".The establishment of the"Six Offices in Xinjiang"and the implementation of"Registering Households and the People"have led to the infiltration of state power into grassroots governance in rural areas.In the process of interaction and negotiation between the central government and the rural society of southeast Guizhou,the governance method has gradually evolved from the self-governance based on"Burying Stones to Set Rules"(栽岩议事)to the state governance based on"Government Issues a Notice by Erecting a Monument"(府示立碑).The state governance did not completely replace self-governance,but presented a situation of coexistence between state governance and rural self-governance.Ethnic interaction,exchange and integration deepened.Taking Guzhou Department in the Qing Dynasty as a case,this paper explores the historical process of the change of social governance in the southeast Guizhou in the Qing Dynasty.