道德完善与伦理倾向:列夫·托尔斯泰对孔子思想的宗教转换

Moral Perfection and Ethical Tendency:Leo Tolstoy’s Religious Transformation of Confucianism

列夫•托尔斯泰从19世纪80年代初开始了解并认真研读孔子著作,撰写了关于儒家学说和中国哲学的一系列文章。托尔斯泰接受了孔子的部分观点,并将之与基督教思想相结合,使之转化为自己思想的有机组成部分。孔子的修身观念为托尔斯泰的道德完善学说提供了有力支撑,儒家对社会现实问题的关注则赋予托尔斯泰的思想以强烈的伦理学倾向。托尔斯泰对孔子的基督教式的理解,使得孔子成为托尔斯泰重要的思想资源。

Leo Tolstoy began to understand and study Confucius seriously in the early 1880s,and wrote some articles about Confucianism and Chinese philosophy.Tolstoy accepted some of Confucius’viewpoints and combined them with Christian thought,transforming them into an organic component of his own thinking.Confucius’concept of self-cultivation provided strong support for Tolstoy’s theory of moral perfection,while Confucianism’s attention to social reality issues gave Tolstoy’s ideas a strong ethical inclination.Tolstoy’s Christian understanding of Confucius made him an important intellectual resource for Tolstoy.