不同氮肥组合对花生后期生长及产量的影响

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer combinations on the growth status and yield of peanuts in the late growth stage

生育后期早衰是影响花生荚果充实度及产量、品质的重要因素之一.由于花生本身“上花下果”的生长特点导致追肥不便,进而加剧花生在生育后期早衰.为减缓花生生育后期早衰,论文探索缓释氮肥与普通尿素混合施用对花生后期干物质积累、叶片生理、根系形态、产量、品质及氮素利用效率等的影响.研究结果为:收获前同一氮肥量处理下,花生品种花育62和远杂9102在两年间总体表现为混合施肥处理下总干物质量、根干物质量、PIabs、根表面积、根瘤数、产量、品质和氮素利用效率高于普通施肥处理.由此可知,与单施普通尿素相比,适宜的缓释氮肥及普通尿素掺混施用促进了花育62和远杂9102后期叶片光合作用,显著改善了花生生育后期根系形态及根瘤数,提高了氮素利用效率,延缓了花生衰老,从而促进了花生高产.但不同土壤肥料条件下,不同品种的内在增产机制存在一定差异.该研究结果为提高氮肥利用效率与增加花生产量提供了理论依据.

Premature senescence in the later stages of growth is one of the important factors affecting the fullness,yield and quality of peanut pods,and the growth characteristics of peanuts themselves of“upper flowers and lower fruits”makes top dressing inconvenient.Therefore,the effects of mixed application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and ordinary urea on late dry matter accumulation,leaf physiology,root morphology,yield quality and nitrogen use efficiency of peanut will be explored.The results showed that under the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer treatment before harvest,the overall performance of Huayu 62 and Yuanza 9102 in two years was total dry matter mass,root dry matter mass,PIabs,root surface area,nodule number,yield,quality and nitrogen under mixed fertilization treatment.The utilization efficiency is higher than that of ordinary fertilization treatment.It can be seen that compared with the sole application of ordinary urea,the blended application of appropriate slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and ordinary urea promoted the photosynthesis of leaves in the late stages of Huayu 62 and Yuanza 9102,and significantly improved the root morphology and nodule number of peanuts in the later growth stage,delaying the aging of peanuts,thus promoting high yield of peanuts and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency.However,under different soil and fertilizer conditions,there are certain differences in the inherent yield-increasing mechanisms of different varieties.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for improving nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and increasing peanut yield.