正义价值关怀下的政治大业——莱布尼茨政治哲学之要旨

The Great Political Cause Under the Care for Justice--The Gist of Leibniz’s Political Philosophy

莱布尼茨在政治哲学领域颇有建树,主张政治是一门“有用的科学”,以促进人类的共同福祉为终极目标。所以,政治哲学应该秉承一种正义的价值关怀。在他看来,正义就是一种“有智慧的人的仁爱”,而仁爱就是能够以他人的幸福为自己的幸福的品德。在正义原则的指导下,我们要严正反对以统治者的任性意志为基础的专制主义,削弱主权的绝对性和单一性。最佳政体是君主政体、贵族政体和民主政体的混合。政治家应具备政治美德、杰出才干,引导民众达成理性共识,大力发展能促进人类身心健康和福祉的科学技术,努力推进事关人类总体福祉的宏图大业。他的政治思想体现了一种博爱情怀和实践智慧。

Leibniz has made significant achievements in the sphere of political philosophy.He claims that politics is a“useful science”which takes the common well-being of all mankind as the ultimate goal.Therefore,political philosophy should embrace a care for justice.In his opinion,justice can be defined as“the wise people’s charity”,while charity is a kind of virtue of regarding other people’s happiness as ours.Under justice’s guidance,we strictly oppose the despotism based on the ruler’s capricious will,and lessen the sovereignty’s absoluteness and singleness.The best regime is a mixture of monarchy,aristocracy and democracy.Politicians should have political virtue and outstanding talent,lead the people to achieve rational consensus,develop science and technology which can promote people’s physical and mental health and their well-being,push forward the great political cause concerning the whole well-being of all mankind.His political thoughts shows the charity and practical wisdom.