基于科学和法律双视角探析生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪的判定

Analysis on the Determination of Producing and Marketing Toxic and Harmful Food Crime from Dual Perspectives of Science and Law

食品安全犯罪的证成在一定程度上高度依赖科学证据。生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪的成立除了应确认实施了生产、销售行为外,亦须对涉案物质毒害性质的实质进行界定。鉴于当前司法审判对涉案物质毒害性质较为缺乏科学性实质依据,易对刑事司法严谨性产生挑战,进而影响行政执法的独立性以及刑事司法衔接效果的稳定性。且科学证据的天然不确定性与刑事司法寻求确定性又存在不可避免的矛盾,相关监管部门对于特定物质的规制受到诸多因素的影响。因此,本文从科学和法律双视角对生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪的判定进行了讨论,提出了判定宜具备健康危害结果的应然推论、宜在个案中加强基于科学的健康风险评估的建议,为更有效地规制相关犯罪提供参考。

The justification of food safety crime is,to some extent,highly dependent on scientific evidence.The conviction of Producing and Marketing Toxic and Harmful Food Crime shall not only confirm the implementation of producing and marketing behavior,but also include the substantive identification on the toxic attributes of the substance in question.The current judicial trials lack scientific and substantive evidence regarding the toxicity of the substances involved,which challenges the rigor of criminal justice and affects the independence of administrative law enforcement and the stability of its convergence with criminal justice.Meanwhile,there is an inevitable contradiction between the inherent uncertainty of scientific evidence and the pursuit of certainty in criminal trials,and the regulations set by professional regulatory departments on specific substances are influenced by multiple factors.Therefore,this paper discusses the conviction of Producing and Marketing Toxic and Harmful Food Crime from dual perspectives of science and law.It advises that the conviction should include affirmative inferences of health hazard outcomes and that each case should strengthen the practice of scientific health risk assessment,offering references for more effectively regulating related crimes.