生态资本化与资本生态化——现代化道路比较视野下的“生态资本”

Ecological Capitalization and Capital Ecologization--“Ecological Capital”from the Perspective of Modernization Road Comparison

生态资本内涵的是“生态资本化”的资本逻辑与“资本生态化”的生态逻辑之价值两面。西方学者以生态资本为核心范畴,形成了以生态资本主义为核心表征的生态现代化理论。在实践层面,资本主义体制下的生态资本却面临着“自由资本”与“驯化资本”的矛盾困境。生态资本的生态效益释放只有在社会主义的条件下才会成为可能;社会主义在本质上虽然是反资本的,但在社会主义初级阶段,尚且无法跨越资本的发展阶段,生态资本仍旧会以符合历史发展阶段性要求的合理形式及合理内容继续发挥着重要作用。在中国式现代化道路的历史视野下,由社会主义政治逻辑和市场逻辑所共同规约的生态资本从根本上区别于资本主义社会条件下,由单一市场逻辑主导的生态资本;经由社会主义政治逻辑的“驯服”,生态资本能够具备全新的价值向度和实践样态。客观而言,生态资本的历史作用是双重的:一方面,生态资本的增殖剥削本性决定了其作为一个历史性范畴必将被人类社会所彻底扬弃;另一方面,生态资本的正向历史价值决定了其仍是现阶段生态文明建设的重要手段。因而,灵活有效地驾驭、规制、利用生态资本是中国式现代化亟须解决的重大实践命题。

The connotation of ecological capital is the value of both the capital logic of“ecological capitalization”and the ecological logic of“capital ecologization”.Western scholars have developed an ecological modernization theory characterized by ecological capitalism,with ecological capital as the core category.On the practical level,ecological capital under the capitalist system faces an unsolvable logical paradox of“free capital”and“domesticated capital”.The release of ecological benefits of ecological capital can only be possible under socialist conditions.Although socialism is fundamentally anti capitalist,it is still impossible to cross the development stage of capital in the primary stage of it.Ecological capital will continue to play an important role in a reasonable form and content that meets the requirements of historical development stages.In the historical perspective of the Chinese path to modernization,the ecological capital stipulated by the socialist political logic and market logic is fundamentally different from the one dominated by the single market logic under the conditions of capitalist society.Through the taming of socialist political logic,ecological capital can possess new value dimensions and practical forms.Objectively speaking,the historical role of ecological capital is twofold.On the one hand,the proliferative and exploitative nature of ecological capital determines that it will be completely abandoned by human society as a historical category;On the other hand,its positive historical value determines that it remains an important means of ecological civilization construction at the current stage.Therefore,flexible and effective control,regulation and utilization of ecological capital is in urgent need in Chinese path to modernization.