家庭背景与大学生教育成就:基于院校和专业的异质性分析

Family Background and College Students’Educational Achievement:An Analysis of Heterogeneity Based on Institutions and Majors

在我国高等教育快速地从精英化过渡到普及化的过程中,家庭背景影响大学生教育成就的异质性需要得到充分讨论。本文基于全国高校毕业生就业状况抽样调查数据,首先通过实证分析发现较强家庭背景对大学生教育成就获得仍具有显著的正向影响。相较于以往研究将高校学生视作一个同质化的整体,本文在院校层次和专业类别上进行区分,发现家庭背景对大学生教育成就获得的影响在院校层次和专业类别上具有显著的异质性特征。具体而言,较强家庭背景对大学生教育成就获得的正向影响在普通本科高校强于双一流高校,在社会科学类专业强于理工农医和人文科学类专业。本文最后通过质性研究讨论内部激励和外部支持这两个异质性的影响机制,可为提升高等院校精准育人工作的实效性和针对性提供参考。

In the rapid transition of China’s higher education from elitism to popularization,the heterogeneity of the impact of family background on college students’educational achievement asks for in-depth study.Based on national survey data sets on Chinese college graduates’employment status,this paper found through empirical analysis that strong family background still has a significant positive impact on college students’educational achievement.However,different from the previous studies that regard college students as a homogeneous whole,the paper made a distinction in the institutional level and the category of majors,and found that the current impact of family background on educational achievement has significant heterogeneity in the dimensions of institutional level and major category.Specifically,the positive impact of strong family background on college students’educational achievement is stronger in ordinary universities than in the“double first-class”universities,and stronger in social science majors than in science,technology,agriculture,medicine and humanities majors.Finally,the paper discussed the two heterogeneous influencing mechanisms of internal incentive and external support through qualitative research,providing a scientific reference for improving the effectiveness and pertinence of precision education in colleges and universities.