职业教育专业核心课教材编写:理论与策略

Compilation of Professional Core Course Textbooks in Vocational Education: Theory and Strategy

职业教育专业核心课是由工作任务转化而来的、体现岗位(群)核心内容和行动逻辑的课程。专业核心课的“核心”体现在它是其他类型课程的内容源泉,是内容体系化和课程化的核心。专业核心课教材的编写要解决三个关键问题:如何在教材中实现理实一体化、教材中的理论知识如何选择和呈现、实践要素在教材中如何表达。基于知识论和学习论的视角分析发现,专业核心课教材主要承载的是技术理论知识和技术实践知识,教材要为任务学习和能力形成提供有意义的情境,根据知识特点选择教材中理实一体化的模式,基于学习规律优化技术理论知识与技术实践知识的呈现方式,同时要为教师和学生提供有效的评价工具。因此在教材内容的开发上,应组建校企编写团队并选择合适的开发策略;在内容的组织上,应确保教材最小构成单元的独立性;在教材的内容的呈现上,应基于知识特点优化内容的排布、表达和信息模态。

The professional core courses in vocational education are transformed from work tasks,reflecting the core content and action logic of positions(groups).The core of professional core courses is reflected in that it is the source of content for other types of courses,as well as the core of content systematization and curriculum.The compilation of professional core course textbooks needs to address three key issues:how to achieve the integration of theory and practice in the textbooks,how to select and present theoretical knowledge in the textbooks,and how to express practical elements in the textbooks.Based on the perspectives of epistemology and learning theory,it is found that professional core course textbooks mainly carry technical theoretical knowledge and technical practical knowledge.Textbooks should provide meaningful contexts for task learning and competence formation,choose the mode of integrating theory and practice in textbooks according to the characteristics of knowledge,optimize the presentation of technical,theoretical knowledge and technical,practical knowledge based on learning laws,and provide effective evaluation tools for teachers and students.Therefore,in the development of textbook content,a school enterprise compiling team should be formed,and appropriate development strategies should be selected.In terms of content organization,the independence of the smallest constituent units of the textbook should be ensured.In the presentation of textbook content,the layout,expression,and information modality of content should be optimized based on knowledge characteristics.