低人员密度强弱冷地铁车厢热舒适及能耗研究

Research on Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption of Strongly and Weakly Cooled Subway Carriages with Low Personnel Density

强弱冷车厢送风参数的合理设置是满足人体个性化热舒适且降低空调能耗的关键。基于计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟,建立0~6人/m^(2)密度强弱冷车厢模型,通过对车厢热环境研究,得到低人员密度车厢内部人体热舒适性和空调能耗的变化规律。研究结果表明,送风温度是影响温度场的主要参数。在低人员密度0.5人/m^(2)的时候22~26℃、1.5~2 m/s状态区间,速度场具有较大波动性,风速为影响热舒适的主要因素。热舒适性在平均热感觉指数较低的22~26℃便不受温度场的主导,可仅通过控制风速调节,便捷且节能。相较于常规强弱冷车厢送风温差设定为2℃,送风温差相差4℃(22℃,1.5 m/s为强冷车厢、工况26℃,1 m/s为弱冷车厢)空调能耗减排效率提升了21%。在速度场波动较大的状态下,可以达到更加经济个性化热舒适的状态,提高乘客个性化热舒适的广泛性,为轨道交通实际运营设定车厢调节参数提供参考。

Reasonable setting of air supply parameters in strongly and weakly cooled subway carriages is the key to meet the individualized thermal comfort of human body and reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning.Based on the numerical simulation of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD),a model of strong and weak cooling compartment with density of 0~6 persons/m^(2)is established,and the change rule of human thermal comfort and air-conditioning energy consumption in the low personnel density compartment is obtained through the study of thermal environment of the compartment.The research results show that the air supply temperature is the main parameter affecting the temperature field.In the low personnel density of 0.5 people/m^(2)when 22~26 ℃,1.5~2 m/s state interval,the velocity field has a large volatility,the wind speed is the main factor affecting thermal comfort.Thermal comfort in the average thermal sensory index is lower at 22~26 ℃ will not be dominated by the temperature field,can only be adjusted by controlling the wind speed,convenient and energy saving.Compared with the conventional strong and weak cold compartments,the air supply temperature difference is set at 2 ℃,and the air supply temperature difference is 4 ℃(22 ℃,1.5 m/s for the strong cold compartments,and 26 ℃,1 m/s for the weak cold compartments),the air-conditioning energy consumption reduction efficiency has been improved by 21%.In the state of large fluctuations in the velocity field,a more economical personalized thermal comfort can be achieved to improve the wide range of personalized thermal comfort for passengers,and provide a reference for the actual operation of rail transit to set the parameters of compartment regulation.