基于玄武岩纤维的功能化复合材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Functional Composites Based on Basalt Fiber

玄武岩纤维(BF)作为一种低成本、高性能的天然纤维已被列为21世纪中国新兴战略资源,也是制备先进复合材料的基础。在玄武岩纤维的实际应用中,纤维自身的性能以及在复合材料中的界面行为等是影响最终制品性能的关键因素。本文阐述了BF的化学组成,并探讨了组成对BF力学性能的影响。重点关注了BF的应用,详细介绍了BF的表面改性及力学增强。此外,从纤维的表面功能化改性、第三相功能粒子的添加以及BF自身性能的应用等几个方面总结了BF在电磁波防护、水处理、催化、抗菌及能源领域的研究进展。最后指出了BF复合材料目前存在的主要问题,并对未来的研究方向做出展望。

Basalt fiber(BF),as a low-cost and high-performance natural fiber,has been listed as an emerging strategic resource in China in the 21st century and is also the basis for the preparation of advanced composite materials.In the practical applications of BF,the performance characteristics of the fiber itself and the interface behaviors of the composite materials are the key factors affecting the performances of the final products.In this paper,the chemical compositions of BF are described,and the effects of compositions on the mechanical properties of BF are discussed.The applications of BF are highlighted focused,and the mechanical strengthening effect of BF on resin matrix and the interface modification of BF are introduced.In addition,the research progress of BF in electromagnetic wave protection,water treatment,catalysis,antibacterial and energy fields is summarized from the aspects of BF surface functional modification,the addition of third-phase functional particles and the applications of BF.Finally,the main problems of BF composites are pointed out,and the future research directions are prospected.