脉冲大电流直线驱动装置电-磁-热-结构多场耦合的局域建模方法

Local modeling method for multi-field coupling of electricmagneticthermal-structure of pulsed high current linear driving device

脉冲大电流直线驱动装置运行过程中产生的极端工况导致多种损伤形式.为了研究多场耦合过程并分析多物理参量作用机理,建立了动态下的电磁场、温度场、结构场数学物理模型.利用轨道反向运动及接触远端物理量渐进平移不变的特性进行局域求解.模型还考虑了材料属性温度依赖性,热应力,接触面摩擦热等实际因素.各个物理场采用同一套网格体系,电磁场以及温度场的有限元离散格式采用欧拉向后差分形式求解,结构场则采用Newmark法进行求解,完成多场耦合下的数值模拟.通过与数值工具EMAP3D、Comsolol在相同模型和输入条件下的计算结果以及相关实验比较,验证了该模型的可靠性.本文采用一种C型电枢进行案例计算,得到了多参量的典型演化过程,并对速度趋肤效应下的场分布进行了讨论.

The pulsed high current linear driving device operates under extreme conditions,and various forms of metal damages will reduce the service life of the device.At present,the multi-physics coupling mechanism of pulsed high current linear driving device is still unclear,and the multi-parameter diagnosis method in the laboratory environment is limited.Therefore,it is urgent to clarify the evolution process of multiple physical parameters through numerical modeling methods,in order to guide the optimization of the overall performance and improve the service life of the device.In this work,mathematical and physical models of electromagnetic field,temperature field and structural field under dynamic conditions are established.The local solution is carried out by using the characteristics of rail reverse motion and the invariant physical quantities at the distal end of the contact.The constraint equations of the non-equipotential surface of the rail entrance and the armature-rail interface conditions under the technical framework are derived.The constraint equations are applied by the penalty function method.The model also takes into account the practical factors such as the temperature dependence of the material properties,thermal stresses,and the frictional heat of the contact surface.The finite element discrete format of the electromagnetic field and the temperature field is solved in the form of Euler’s backward differentiation,and the structural field is solved by the Newmark method.The reliability of the model is verified by comparing the calculation results with the numerical tools EMAP3D and Comsol under the same configuration and input conditions,as well as related experiments.Through the numerical simulation of the C-type armature,the typical evolution process of the corresponding multiparameter is obtained.During sliding electrical contact,the velocity skin effect becomes more pronounced with velocity increasing.The current is gradually concentrated on the surface of the rail,and the highest current density is found at the rear edge of the contact surface and at the edge of the outer arm of the armature.Moreover,the magnetic induction intensity at the tail of the contact surface continues to shrink over time.The heat-concentrated region appears at the top edge of the contact surface,and with time going by,it extends along the sliding direction and bottom direction of the armature.In addition,there is peak stress in the front of the rail contact and significant stress at the armature throat.When the local stress at the throat of the armature exceeds the corresponding yield strength,it can cause serious deformation or even fracture of the armature.