非二氧化碳温室气体减排的中国行动、国际经验与政策启示

International Practices and Policy Implications for Non-CO_(2) Greenhouse Gas Mitigation in China

《巴黎协定》首次全球盘点结果表明,将全球气温上升幅度控制在1.5℃以内面临较大的减排缺口,加快推进非二氧化碳温室气体减排成为国际共识。目前,中国非二氧化碳温室气体减排以部门行动为主,政策碎片化突出,甲烷减排集中在能源、农业与废弃物处理部门,氧化亚氮减排集中在工业与农业部门,含氟气体减排集中在淘汰和替代氢氟碳化物方面,能源等行业积极开展自愿减排。欧盟、美国等制定了甲烷减排战略,通过设定减排目标、提高减排意识、改善数据基础、建立监管政策、鼓励相关方参与等有力促进了温室气体减排。与发达国家相比,中国控制非二氧化碳温室气体排放起步较晚,在减排政策、数据基础、能力建设以及管控机制等方面存在较大差距。应尽快研究制定非二氧化碳温室气体减排目标,完善非二氧化碳温室气体减排政策体系,加强温室气体数据基础与MRV体系建设,加强温室气体减排技术推广应用。

The imperative to curb emissions of non-carbon dioxide(non-CO_(2))greenhouse gases assumes paramount importance in achieving the ambitious 1.5℃ target outlined in the Paris Agreement.Adhering to this target is pivotal in averting the dire consequences associated with breaching the“climate tipping point”and advancing towards the dual-carbon goal.The inaugural global inventory under the Paris Agreement underscores a substantial emissions reduction gap essential for constraining global temperature escalation within the 1.5℃ threshold,galvanizing international consensus towards expediting non-CO_(2) greenhouse gas abatement efforts.Nations such as the European Union and the United States have spearheaded methane emission reduction strategies,catalyzing greenhouse gas(GHG)mitigation endeavors through targeted emission reduction objectives,heightened awareness campaigns,robust data infrastructure,regulatory frameworks,and stakeholder engagement initiatives.This study assesses the current landscape,distinguishing features,and future trajectories of non-CO_(2) GHG emissions in China.It scrutinizes and contrasts non-CO_(2) GHG reduction pathways and pivotal technologies across major nations,while analyzing emission reduction experiences vis-à-vis emission reduction target setting,pathway delineation,policy enhancement,establishment of Monitoring,Reporting,and Verification(MRV)mechanisms,and technology diffusion coupled with societal engagement.Moreover,it identifies existing gaps in China's non-CO_(2) greenhouse gas mitigation efforts and proffers policy prescriptions to galvanize future non-CO_(2) emissions abatement endeavors.