海拔及采收期对天麻品质的影响

The Influence of Altitude and Harvesting Period on the Quality of Gastrodia elata

为探究海拔及采收期对天麻品质的影响,本文将天麻种植区分为3个海拔级别(高:1800~2000 m、中:1500~1700 m;低:1200~1300 m),按两批采收,以天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇含量等为评价指标。结果表明,次年1月采收的天麻品质优于当年10月的,且天麻素、游离氨基酸和浸出物含量随海拔增高而显著增加。品质指标间相关性分析表明,天麻素含量与游离氨基酸、浸出物含量呈显著正相关,与总酚含量显著负相关;对羟基苯甲醇含量与总酚含量显著正相关,与浸出物含量显著负相关;浸出物含量与游离氨基酸含量显著正相关。海拔与品质指标间相关性分析表明,海拔与天麻素、游离氨基酸、浸出物含量显著正相关,与对羟基苯甲醇和总酚含量显著负相关。主成分分析显示,所选品质成分可作为天麻品质评价指标,且它们之间存在相关性,适用因子分析法;综合评价得分为高海拔>中海拔>低海拔。综上分析,海拔及采收期对天麻品质有一定的影响,且高海拔种植的天麻品质最佳,为天麻高质高效栽培提供理论支撑。

To explore the effect of altitude and harvesting period on the quality of Gastrodia elata,the growing areas of G.elata were divided into 3 altitude levels(high:1800-2000 m,medium:1500-1700 m,low:1200-1300 m).The effects of altitude on the accumulation of gastrodin,p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol were studied.The results showed that the quality of G.elata harvested in January of the next year was better than that harvested in October of the same year,and the contents of gastrodin,free amino acids and extracts increased significantly with the increase of altitude.Correlation analysis of quality indexes showed that gastrodin content was positively correlated with free amino acid and extract content,and negatively correlated with total polyphenol content.The content of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was positively correlated with the content of total polyphenols,and negatively correlated with the content of extractives.There was a significant positive correlation between extract content and free amino acid content.The correlation analysis between altitude and quality index showed that altitude was positively correlated with gastrodin,free amino acids and extracts,and negatively correlated with p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and total polyphenols.The principal component analysis showed that the selected quality index was scientific and reasonable,and the factor analysis method was suitable.The comprehensive evaluation score showed that high altitude>medium altitude>low altitude.In summary,the altitude and harvesting period had a certain impact on the quality of G.elata,and the quality of G.elata planted at high altitude was the best,providing basic support for high-quality and efficient cultivation of G.elata.