铁路隧道绿色低碳建造技术工程实践与展望

Practice and Prospect of Green and Low-Carbon Construction Technology for Railway Tunnels

为实现铁路隧道全生命周期向绿色低碳方向发展,以京张高铁清华园隧道、新八达岭隧道和八达岭长城站为背景,采用数据统计分析的方法研究铁路隧道建设和运营阶段的碳排放,从隧道线位和车站站位选择、建筑、结构、通风、照明等方面提出隧道减碳设计策略。研究结果表明,减碳设计策略主要包括增加碳汇和减少碳排放2大类。增加碳汇的措施有:1)采用隧道下穿方案可减少地表土地占用,增加地表绿化面积;2)隧道洞口可采用绿色格宾挡墙和绿色植被覆盖来增加碳汇能力。减少碳排放的措施有:1)合理选择隧道线位和车站站位,减少乘客交通接驳;2)车站采用群洞设计方案可减少土石方开挖和支护措施工程量;3)超大跨隧道采用围岩自承载的设计理念和方法可减少衬砌混凝土用量;4)地下车站采用无空调活塞通风系统、光源智能管理及光纤照明系统、电梯等大型设备智能管理系统等可减少运营阶段的能源消耗。最后,提出绿色结构物建造、全预制精巧化结构研发、设备智能管控技术、铁路带状光伏发电场、压缩空气储能电站等绿色建造技术。

To realize the complete life cycle of railway tunnel in green and low-carbon development,a case study is conducted on the Qinghuayuan tunnel,the New Badaling tunnel,and the Badaling Great Wall station,data statistical analysis is conducted to assess the railway tunnel construction and operation stage of carbon emissions.The authors propose tunnel carbon reduction design strategy from the aspects of tunnel line,station selection,construction,structure,ventilation,and lighting.Research results show that the carbon reduction design strategy mainly involves increasing carbon sink and reducing carbon emission.Carbon sink can be increased by(1)reducing the surface land occupation and increasing the surface green area;(2)adopting green retaining wall and green vegetation cover for the tunnel entrance to increase the carbon sink capacity.Carbon emission can be reduced by(1)reasonably selecting tunnel line and station to minimize passenger traffic connection;(2)reducing the amount of earthwork excavation and support measures using the station tunnel design scheme;(3)designing concept and method of surrounding rock self-bearing tunnel to reduce the amount of lining concrete;(4)adopting air-free piston ventilation system,intelligent management of lighting system,elevator,and other large equipment for the underground station to reduce the energy consumption in the operation stage.Finally,the future green construction technologies of railways,such as the construction of green structures,the research and development of fully prefabricated and exquisite structures,the intelligent management and control technology of equipment,the railway strip photovoltaic power plant,and the compressed air energy storage power station,are proposed.