水下盾构隧道管片拼装质量控制方法研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospects of Quality Control Methods for Segment Assembly in Underwater Shield Tunnels

针对大型水下盾构隧道施工阶段可能存在的管片拼装质量问题,综述国内外相关水下盾构隧道管片拼装的重要研究,主要涵盖管片拼装质量控制指标、管片拼装对隧道衬砌力学性能的影响、管片拼装质量控制以及质量检测的应用等方面。针对管片拼装质量控制指标,探讨管片尺寸和几何要求、裂损性、水密性及防渗性能要求等关键内容。通过现场监测、相似模型试验与原型试验归纳管片拼装对水下盾构隧道衬砌力学性能的影响。在拼装质量控制方面,介绍管片拼装设备、盾构隧道管片传感监测系统、盾构姿态预测方法以及管片定位技术的发展和应用。同时,总结近期管片拼装缺陷检测方法的研究成果,包括三维激光扫描、图像三维重建以及计算机视觉等技术在管片衬砌裂缝及渗漏方面的应用。最后,讨论管片拼装的尚存问题以及研究趋势。目前存在的主要问题包括:1)缺乏有效的拼装质量实时监测与评估方法;2)对水下环境中管片拼装力学性能影响研究不足;3)自动化控制技术的成熟度不够;4)隧道缺陷检测精度及其风险评估方法仍需进一步优化。展望未来,将通过对管片拼装质量评估手段、自动化与智能化拼装技术以及高精度缺陷定量分析方法的不断创新和改进,实现对拼装质量的实时监测、数据分析和定量评估,从而提高管片拼装的效率、精度和安全性。

Quality defects can occur in the segment assembly construction of large-scale underwater shield tunnels.Herein,the authors summarize prominent studies on segment assembly for underwater shield tunnels;the studies primarily focus on quality control indices for segment assembly,the impact of assembly on the mechanical properties of tunnel linings,quality control practices,and the use of quality detection.Key topics related to the quality control indices for segment assembly,such as segment dimensions and geometric requirements,susceptibility to cracking,water tightness,and antipermeability performance,are discussed.The impact of segment assembly on the mechanical properties of underwater shield tunnel linings is summarized from three viewpoints:on-site monitoring,testing of similar models,and prototype testing.Quality control for the development and application of segment assembly equipment,sensing monitoring systems for shield tunnel segments,prediction methods for shield attitude,and segmenting positioning technologies are introduced.Moreover,the authors summarize recent research findings on segment assembly defect detection methods,including 3D laser scanning,3D image reconstruction,and computer vision technologies for detecting cracks and leakage in segment linings.Finally,current topics and research trends in segment assembly are discussed.At present,the main challenges include the lack of effective real-time monitoring,the paucity of methods for evaluating assembly quality,inadequate research on the impact of underwater environments on the mechanical performance of segment assembly,the underdeveloped state of automation control technology,and the need for better accuracy in methods of tunnel defect detection and risk assessment.The future will bring continuous innovation and improvements in evaluation methods for segment assembly quality,automated and intelligent assembly technology,and highly precise defect quantitative analysis methods,aiming to achieve real-time monitoring,data analysis,and quantitative assessment of assembly quality and enhancing the efficiency,precision,and safety of segment assembly.