清華簡《芮良夫毖》綜合研究——與“書”類文獻對讀

A Comprehensive Study of Rui Liangfu Bi(《芮良夫毖》)in the Tsinghua Bamboo-Slip Manuscripts:Comparison with the Shangshu-Style Documents

清華簡《芮良夫毖》從頭到尾是一個整體,所謂“二啓”等詩的特徵當是後來編者所加。該篇正文可分爲六個部分,援引先王與舊臣之事勉勵“君子”畏天、敬事、求賢和保民,論述逐漸深入,尤其是深刻論述了“君子”與民的密切關係,全篇多正反論述,與《皇門》《厚父》等“書”類文獻在内容、思想、形式等多方面有一致性,當是周厲王的卿士芮良夫告誡“君子”的“書”類文獻。此外,記言爲主的“書”類文獻也未嘗不可以臣作主體。

The Rui Liangfu Bi(《芮良夫毖》)in the Tsinghua bamboo-slip manuscripts is a whole text from the beginning to the end.The so-called poetic features like Erqi(二啓)were added by later compiler.The main body of this document can be divided into six parts.It quotes the tales of deceased kings and ministers to encourage Junzi(君子)to revere Heaven,devote to work,seek talents and protect people.Especially,it discusses the close relationship between Junzi and people,having many positive-negative arguments,all of which accord with the Shangshu-style documents such as Huangmen(《皇門》)and Houfu(《厚父》)in terms of content,thoughts and forms.Thus it is a Shangshu-style document created by Rui Liangfu,a chancellor of King Li of Zhou.Moreover,the author of Shangshustyle documents that mainly record speech can also be an official.