模仿讽刺作品合理使用认定问题

The Issue of Determining Fair Use in Imitative Satirical Works

伴随着互联网新媒体的兴起,越来越多的接收者通过二次创作来表达自己的思想和对原作品的评价,从而诞生了以嘲弄批评为目的,以效仿为手段,但具备其独创性的模仿讽刺作品。然而,模仿讽刺作品与原作品的利益冲突越来越激烈,且其独创性难以界定、合理使用与侵权之间的界限非常模糊,使得关于模仿讽刺作品的争讼不断。因此,必须明确模仿讽刺作品合理使用的认定标准,可基于对新作语境的转换、市场的转换、独创性的认定以及被引作品的性质、引用的体量和对原作品市场的影响因素进行综合考量,划定模仿讽刺作品适用于合理使用条款的法律范围,以对模仿讽刺作品进行更好的规制。

With the rise of new media on the Internet,an increasing number of recipients express their thoughts and evaluations of original works through derivative works,giving birth to imitative satirical works that aim to mock and criticize,using emulation as a means,while possessing their own creativity.However,the conflict of interests between imitative satirical works and original works has become increasingly intense.The boundaries between their originality,fair use,and infringement are highly ambiguous,leading to continuous litigation concerning imitative satirical works.Therefore,it is imperative to establish clear criteria for the reasonable use of imitative satirical works.This determination can be based on a comprehensive assessment of the transformation of the new work's context,market dynamics,recognition of originality,and factors such as the nature of the cited work,the volume of citation,and the impact on the market of the original work.