施钾对新疆滴灌花生生长特性及产量的剂量效应

Effects of potassium application dose on growth characteristics and yield of drip-irrigated peanut in Xinjiang

为提高新疆滴灌条件下的花生产量,研究钾肥适宜施用量,在新疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,以花育9610(T1,新疆常播品种)和黑花5号(T2,高产品种)为材料,设置4个钾肥(K2O)梯度,K0,K1,K2和K3分别代表施用量为0、150、225和300 kg/hm^(2),按苗期15%、花针期40%、结荚期30%、饱果成熟期15%进行追肥。结果表明,花育9610和黑花5号花生的主茎高和侧枝长均随钾肥施用量增加基本呈抛物线形变化,干物质量均以K2水平最大,分别为84.37 g/株、89.37 g/株;与不施钾肥相比,K2处理主茎高、侧枝长分别比K0增加了17.91%和16.56%、7.4%和12.31%,根瘤数均在结荚期最高,分别为42.0个/株和45.3个/株;叶面积指数基本随钾肥施用量增加而增大,在出苗后90 d达到最大值;光合势随钾肥施用量增加也基本呈抛物线形态变化,K2处理出苗后75~90 d分别达到最大值4.38 m^(2)·d和4.51 m^(2)·d。两品种肥料贡献率、农学利用率均以K2处理最大,花育9610分别为26.06%和1.83 kg/kg,黑花5号分别为25.18%和1.67 kg/kg,两品种产量分别为9628.38 kg/hm^(2)和10368.35 kg/hm^(2),说明225 kg/hm^(2)可作为新疆滴灌花生钾肥施用参考用量。

To improve peanut yield under drip irrigation in Xinjiang,effect of potassium fertilizer application was investigated.Huayu 9610(T1,a common cultivar in Xinjiang)and Heihua 5(T2,a high yield cultivar)were used as materials at the Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station in Wulanwusu,Xinjiang.Four potassium(K2O)fertilizer gradients were set as K0(0 kg/hm^(2)),K1(150 kg/hm^(2)),K2(225 kg/hm^(2))and K3(300 kg/hm^(2)),and thus the potassium rates were at 15%,40%,30%and 15%at the seedling,pegging,podding and full fruit ripening stages respectively.Results showed that the main stem height and lateral branch length of Huayu 9610 and Heihua 5 changed parabolically with the increase of potassium application.The dry matter accumulation were the highest at K2 level,which were 84.37 g per plant and 89.37 g per plant,respectively.Compared with no potassium fertilizer,the main stem height and lateral branch length of K2 treatment increased by 17.91%and 16.56%,7.4%and 12.31%,respectively.The number of nodules was the highest at podding stage,which was 42.0 per plant and 45.3 per plant respectively.The leaf area index increased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application,and reached the maximum at 90 days after emergence.The photosynthetic potential also changed in a parabolic shape with the increase of potassium fertilizer application rate,and reached the maximum value of 4.38 m^(2)·d and 4.51 m^(2)·d respectively after 75-90 days of K2 treatment.The fertilizer contribution rate and agronomic utilization rate of K2 treatment were the largest,which were 26.06%and 1.83 kg/kg(for Huayu 9610),25.18%and 1.67 kg/kg(for Heihua 5),respectively,and the yields were 9628.38 kg/hm^(2) and 10368.35 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The results showed that potassium application amount of 225 kg/hm^(2) at K2 level could be used as reference for drip irrigation peanut in Xinjiang,China.