长三角地区城市生态旅游发展水平时空演变及其影响因素

Spatio⁃temporal evolution and influencing factors of urban ecotourism development level in the Yangtze River Delta

城市生态旅游作为旅游可持续发展的一种理想模式,是对城市环境问题和旅游发展方式的一种回应。基于城市生态旅游核心要义,构建城市生态旅游发展水平评价指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法对2010—2019年长三角地区41个城市的城市生态旅游发展水平进行测度,通过标准差椭圆和马尔科夫链分析其时空演变特征,并利用地理探测器探析城市生态旅游发展的影响因素。结果表明:(1)长三角地区城市生态旅游各维度发展水平增速各异,供给和保障是影响综合发展水平的主要因素,各维度空间格局差异显著;(2)城市生态旅游综合发展水平呈波动上升态势,增速较缓;空间分布较不均衡,已初步形成“东南高-西北低”的分布格局;(3)城市生态旅游发展水平重心呈现“西北-东南-西北”的偏移规律,向东南部集聚程度逐渐增强,水平等级转移仅发生在相邻等级之间;(4)交通发展水平和城镇化水平对城市生态旅游发展的影响较为显著,经济发展水平和居民收入水平的影响逐渐增强,产业结构水平和环保重视程度的促进效果不显著;两因子的交互作用大于单因子的作用力,表现出双因子增强或非线性增强的交互关系。研究结果可为长三角地区提高城市生态旅游发展水平与全面推进旅游可持续发展提供一定的理论依据与科学参考。

In order to explore the urban ecotourism development level differences and influencing factors of each region of the Yangtze River Delta and propose corresponding improvement strategies,this paper constructed an evaluation index system of urban ecotourism development level based on the essence of urban ecotourism and used entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure urban ecotourism development level of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta from 2010 to 2019.Then,we also used the standard deviation ellipse and Markov chain to analyze the spatio⁃temporal evolution characteristics of the level of urban ecotourism development.The Geodetector was used to explore the influencing factors of the development of urban ecotourism,which aimed to find a differentiated approach to make targeted suggestions for the improvement of the level of urban ecotourism development.The results showed that:(1)The growth rate of each dimension of urban ecotourism in the Yangtze River Delta was different.The supply and security were the main factors affecting the comprehensive development level.The spatial pattern of each dimension was significantly different.(2)The comprehensive development level of urban ecotourism in the Yangtze River Delta showed a fluctuating upward trend,and the growth rate was slow.The spatial distribution of the development level of each city was unbalanced,and a stable distribution pattern of high in the southeast⁃low in the northwest has initially formed in space.(3)The center of gravity of the level of urban ecotourism development in the Yangtze River Delta presented a shift pattern of northwest⁃southeast⁃northwest,with the degree of agglomeration to the southeast gradually increasing.The development of urban ecotourism exhibited a slow and gradual evolutionary process,and the horizontal level shift only occurred between adjacent levels.(4)The development of urban ecotourism in the Yangtze River Delta was influenced by a variety of factors.The influence of the level of transportation development and urbanization was more significant,the influence of economic development level and resident income level was gradually increasing,and the promotion effect of the level of industrial structure and environmental protection emphasis was not significant.The interaction between any two factors was greater than the force of a single factor and it showed either a two⁃factor enhancement or a nonlinear enhancement.The results of the study can provide certain theoretical basis and scientific reference for the Yangtze River Delta to improve the level of urban ecotourism development and comprehensively promote the sustainable development of tourism.