英国对美国的“反向租借”援助及清偿(1941-1946)

Reverse Lend-Lease Aids to the United States from the United Kingdom and its Settlement(1941-1946)

第二次世界大战期间,英国在接受美国“租借”援助的同时向美国提供“反向租借”援助,是同盟成员国向美国提供“反向租借”援助的典型个案。依据《英美互助协定》,英国向美国提供力所能及的一切物品、服务、设备和情报,美国则承诺在清算对英“租借”援助时以此作为冲抵。在未包括净价值160亿美元已消耗、损毁或散失援助物资的情况下,英国以信贷方式支付6.5亿美元清偿了价值60.3亿美元的美国“租借”援助。然而,战时美英谈判互助和战后谈判清偿都充分暴露了美国通过“租借”援助谋求长远利益的意图,英国虽尽力抵制,但为了战时生存和战后重建不得不屈从于美国的政策意志。

During the Second World War,the United Kingdom government provided reverse lend-lease aids,mainly consisted of munitions,goods,services,and such as information and technology of military,to the United States while she obtained the aids of lend-lease from the latter.Reverse lend-lease aids from the British,promoted the“special relations”between the U.K.and the U.S.,was being one of best examples of reciprocal aids to the U.S.from other Allies.According to Mutual Aid Agreement of February 23,1942,the U.K.Government will provide the U.S.such articles,services,facilities or information as it may be in a position to supply while minimizing currency settlement as much as possible,the U.S.Government will use these as a deduction when liquidating its lend-lease aids to the U.K..In the early post-war,after the deduction and without including the net value of MYM16 billion for what was consumed,lost,and destroyed,the U.K.Government paid MYM650 million in credit from the U.S.to offset the MYM6.03 billion worth of the U.S.lend-lease aids.Nevertheless,the negotiations of mutual aids and its settlement between the U.K.and U.S.,during and after the War,fully revealed that the U.S.pursuing of the long-term interests through the lend-lease,and the U.K.not but coming to terms of the American policies for the survival of wartime and the postwar reconstruction.