血管老化对心血管疾病的影响及中药干预机制

Effects of vascular aging on cardiovascular diseases and the intervention mechanism of Chinese medicine

血管老化是人体各器官、各系统衰老的重要病理基础,对高血压、动脉粥样硬化、心肌缺血再灌注损伤、冠心病等常见心血管疾病的发生产生重要影响。血管老化的病理机制主要为细胞衰老、氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍、慢性低度炎症、内皮功能障碍、端粒功能障碍、表观遗传改变等。中医药研究以中药单体和复方研究较多,主要通过调控TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB、NLRP3/Caspase-1、MAPK/ERK1、TNF-α/NF-κB、PI3K/AKT等信号通路,抑制细胞衰老、抗氧化应激、抗炎等,从而延缓血管老化。系统梳理血管老化相关机制及其在心血管疾病中的作用,以及中医药延缓血管老化的药理研究进展,以期为心血管疾病的预防和诊治提供新思路。

Vascular aging is an important pathological basis for the aging of various organs and systems in the human body,exerting a significant impact on the occurrence of common cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension,atherosclerosis,myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,and coronary heart disease.The pathological mechanisms of vascular aging mainly include cellular aging,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,chronic low-grade inflammation,endothelial dysfunction,telomere dysfunction,and epigenetic changes.Research on Chinese medicine focuses more on monomers and compound formulas of Chinese medicines,mainly regulating signaling pathways such as TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB,NLRP3/Caspase-1,MAPK/ERK1,TNF-α/NF-κB,and PI3K/AKT to inhibit cellular aging,oxidative stress,and inflammatory,thereby delaying vascular aging.This article has systematically reviewed the related mechanisms of vascular aging and its role in cardiovascular diseases,as well as the pharmacological research progress of Chinese medicine in delaying vascular aging,aiming to provide new insights for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.