东北地区森林草原湿地生态系统外来入侵物种概况及对策

Overview and countermeasures of invasive alien species in forest,grassland and wetland ecosystems in Northeast China

在对东北地区部分有害生物来源考证的基础上,筛选出56种外来入侵物种作为东北地区森林、草原、湿地生态系统的主要种类,并对其入侵特征进行分析。结果表明:原产地以北美洲种类最多,入侵东北种类总体呈不断增加势头,入侵途径以无意引入为主,入侵地以辽宁省种类居多,入侵生境在森林、草原、湿地生态系统均有代表性种类。进一步筛选出18种外来入侵物种作为东北地区森林、草原、湿地生态系统的重要种类,并对其重要性进行评述,根据每种在入侵过程的阶段性,分别提出防止入侵、阻止扩散和抑制危害的防控管理对策。针对完善入侵生物学理论提出3点建议,针对提升东北地区外来入侵物种防控能力提出4点建议。

On the basis of investigating the sources of some pests in the Northeast China,56 invasive alien species were selected as the main species in the forest,grassland and wetland ecosystems of the Northeast China,and their invasion characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that the origin place where the invasive alien species with the maximum number was North America,and the invasion species in Northeast China was generally increasing.The invasion pathways of these invasive alien species were mainly unintentional introduction,and the invasion places were mainly in Liaoning province.The representative species in forest,grassland and wetland ecosystems were in invaded habitat.Eighteen invasive alien species were selected out from 56 species as important species in the forest,grassland and wetland ecosystems of Northeast China,and their importance was evaluated.According to the stage of each invasive in process,prevention and control management strategies were proposed to prevent invasion,prevent spread and restrain harm.Three suggestions were proposed to improve the theory of invasion biology,and four suggestions were proposed to enhance the prevention and control capabilities of invasive alien species in Northeast China.