植物营养素施加对滴灌玉米生长、品质和水分利用效率的影响及其综合评价

Effect of Plant Nutrients on Growth,Quality and Yield of Drip-irrigated Maize in Saline Soil and Its Comprehensive Evaluation

针对在宁夏北部推广玉米滴灌技术、提高水肥利用效率过程中缺乏相关的灌溉定额和植物营养素施用制度的突出问题,探究节水提效背景下不同灌溉定额和植物营养素施用量对玉米生长、品质及产量的影响,分别设置3个灌溉定额(W1=2100 m^(3)/hm^(2)、W2=2700 m^(3)/hm^(2)、W3=3300 m^(3)/hm^(2))和3个植物营养素施加量(P1:42 g/hm^(2)、P2:63 g/hm^(2)、P3:84 g/hm^(2))。结果表明:灌溉定额、植物营养素及二者交互作用对玉米株高、叶面积指数、粗蛋白、灰分、水分利用效率具有极显著影响(P<0.01),灌溉定额、植物营养素对玉米产量有极显著影响(P<0.01),二者交互作用对玉米产量有显著影响(P<0.05),玉米籽粒产量随着灌水量和植物营养素的增加逐渐增加,W3P3处理产量最高,达到9546.75 kg/hm^(2)。基于熵权-TOPSIS综合评价结果显示,灌溉定额为3300 m^(3)/hm^(2),植物营养素施用84 g/hm^(2)时,贴合度最高,评价结果最好。综上所述,推荐枯水年宁夏北部滴灌玉米灌溉定额3300 m^(3)/hm^(2),植物营养素施用84 g/hm^(2)。

In response to the lack of appropriate irrigation quotas and phytonutrient application systems in the process of promoting drip irrigation technology for maize and improving water and fertilizer use efficiency in northern Ningxia,we explored the effects of different irrigation quotas and phytonutrient application amounts on maize growth,quality and yield in the context of water conservation and efficiency improvement.We set up three irrigation quotas(W1=2100 m^(3)/hm^(2),W2=2700 m^(3)/hm^(2),W3=3300 m^(3)/hm^(2))and three phytonutrient application rates(P1:42 g/hm^(2),P2:63 g/hm^(2),P3:84 g/hm^(2)).The results showed that:irrigation quota,phytonutrients and their interaction had highly significant(P<0.01)effects on maize plant height,leaf area index,crude protein,ash,and water use efficiency.Irrigation quota and phytonutrients had highly significant(P<0.01)effects on maize yield,and their interaction had significant(P<0.05)effects on maize yield.Maize kernel yield was significantly increased with increasing irrigation quota and phytonutrients,and the W3P3 treatment had the highest yield of 9546.75 kg/hm^(2).The results of the comprehensive evaluation based on entropy weight-TOPSIS showed that the irrigation quota of 3300 m^(3)/hm^(2)and phytonutrient application of 84 g/hm^(2)demonstrated the highest degree of fit and the best evaluation results.In summary,the recommended irrigation quota for drip-irrigated maize in northern Ningxia in dry years is 3300 m^(3)/hm^(2),and plant nutrient application is 84 g/hm^(2).