羽毛球运动训练对航母舰载机飞行学员颈痛的干预效果研究

Intervention effect of badminton exercise on neck pain in aircraft carrier student pilots

目的评估羽毛球运动对舰载机飞行学员颈痛的干预效果,为该运动预防和缓解舰载机飞行学员颈痛提供科学依据。方法根据纳入和排除标准筛选16名航母舰载机飞行学员作为受试者,随机分为运动康复组和对照组,每组各8人。运动康复组除进行部队日常训练外,另进行每周3次,每次1 h的羽毛球运动;对照组进行部队日常训练,不做其他干预。研究为期3个月。颈痛的干预效果以实验前后颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI)评分、视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)、颈椎活动度(CROM)、颈部最大肌力、表面肌电信号均方根值(RMS)、积分肌电值(iEMG)作为评价指标。结果运动康复组NDI评分较干预前具有显著性差异(P<0.05),对照组NDI评分较干预前无显著性差异(P>0.05)。运动康复组VAS评分较干预前有显著性差异(P<0.01),对照组VAS评分较干预前无显著性差异(P>0.05)。运动康复组受试者干预后颈椎最大活动度在各方向均有所增加,且左屈、右屈活动度较干预前具有显著性差异(P<0.05),其余方向无显著性差异(P>0.05);对照组颈椎各方向最大活动度较干预前无显著性差异(P>0.05)。运动康复组受试者颈部最大肌力在前屈、后伸、左屈方向较干预前具有显著性差异(P<0.01),右屈、左旋、右旋值较干预前具有显著性差异(P<0.05);左右侧胸锁乳突肌RMS在四个方向动作中无显著性差异(P>0.05),左侧斜方肌上束在前屈和右屈动作中RMS具有显著性差异(P<0.05),在后伸和左屈动作中无显著性差异(P>0.05),右侧斜方肌上束在四个方向动作中无显著性差异(P>0.05)。运动康复组受试者干预后在前屈、后伸以及右屈运动中,4块肌肉iEMG均大于干预前,但无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在左屈动作中,左侧胸锁乳突肌与右侧斜方肌上束iEMG大于干预后,右侧胸锁乳突肌和左侧斜方肌上束iEMG小于干预后,但均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论羽毛球运动干预能够缓解航母舰载机飞行学员的颈部疼痛,使其颈椎功能障碍得到一定程度的恢复,并且能够增加颈部灵活性,增强颈部肌力,同时激活深层肌肉参与维持颈部稳定,有效提升颈部肌肉群的抗疲劳能力。

Objective To explore the intervention effect of badminton exercise on neck pain in naval carrierbased aircraft flight trainees,and provide data support for the prevention and relief of neck pain in these trainees.Methods A total of 16 naval carrier-based aircraft flight trainees were selected as subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,and randomly divided into the sports rehabilitation group and the control group,with eight participants in each group.The sports rehabilitation group engaged in badminton exercise three times a week for one hour each time,in addition to their regular military training.The control group received no other interventions apart from their regular military training.Neck Disability Index(NDI),Visual Analog Scale(VAS)for pain simulation,Cervical Range of Motion(CROM),maximum neck strength,Root Mean Square(RMS)value of surface electromyographic signals,and integrated electromyography(iEMG)values were used as evaluation indexes for the intervention effect of neck pain.Results There was a significant difference in NDI scores among members of the sports rehabilitation group before and after intervention(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference observed in NDI scores among members of the control group before and after intervention(P>0.05).Furthermore,there was a significant difference in VAS scores among members of the sports rehabilitation group before and after intervention(P<0.01).The VAS scores of the control group members showed no significant difference compared to pre-intervention testing(P>0.05).The maximum range of motion in all directions increased for the exercise rehabilitation group,with significant differences observed in left and right flexion(P<0.05),but no significant differences were found in other directions(P>0.05)compared to pre-intervention levels.There was no significant change in maximum range of motion within the control group before and after intervention(P>0.05).The exercise rehabilitation group demonstrated a significant increase in neck muscle strength during forward flexion,backward extension,left flexion(P<0.01),and right flexion as well as left and right rotation values(P<0.05)compared to pre-intervention levels.There was no significant difference observed between RMS values on both sides of the sternocleidomastoid muscles during movement in four different directions for the exercise rehabilitation group(P>0.05).However,there was a significant difference observed on the left side of the upper trapezius muscle during forward and rightward movements(P<0.05),but not during backward or leftward movements(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences were found among any direction’s iEMG values before or after intervention for four muscles tested except that iEMG value increased slightly without significance after intervention when performing forward bending,backward extension and rightward bending exercises within exercise rehabilitation groups(P>0.05).Conclusion After badminton training,neck pain among carrier-based fighter pilots is allivated while cervical dysfunction recovers somewhat.Furthermore,their neck flexibility increases along with their neck muscle strength while deep muscles are activated to maintain stability to effectively enhance fatigue resistance capacity within these muscle groups around their necks.