权力规训与主体性探索:当代中国青年女性月经认知研究

Exploration of Subjectivity Under the Discipline of Powers:A Study on Contemporary Chinese Young Women’s Cognition of Menstruation

月经既是一种正常的生理现象,又具有丰富的社会文化意涵。本文通过自由联想方格详述法捕捉当代中国青年女性对于“月经”这个刺激词的认识,并结合半结构式访谈资料呈现了她们对于月经意象的认知,揭示了其背后的社会文化逻辑。研究发现,面对兼具生物与文化社会属性的月经,当代中国青年女性会考虑其带来的生理体验以及对身体健康的影响,她们的认知也受到文化社会的制约。权力规训下的女性身体及母职身份为经期女性贴上了“经期综合征”的特殊标签,引发了女性对自身生育能力的担忧,进而引发了女性承认月经“特殊”但不愿被认为“搞特殊”,希望摆脱月经限制但又害怕失去生育能力这两种突出矛盾。面对由月经的社会文化意义引起的各类禁忌,女性的主体性探索并不是通过激烈的政治运动实现的,而是通过建构社会支持系统、消解严肃叙事方式、反思公共空间的月经遮盖现象以及批判创新月经知识传播方式等日常生活层面的实践完成的,这些探索体现了其自觉、自主的能动性和创造性。

Menstruation is not only a physiological phenomenon but also carries rich social and cultural significances.This article explores contemporary Chinese young women’s understandings of the word“men‐struation”using the free association grid elaboration method,presents their cognition of the menstruation image adopting semi-structured interview data,and reveals the underlying socio-cultural logics behind their cognition.This article finds that contemporary Chinese young women consider menstruation’s impacts on their body and health,and what is more,their cognition is also influenced by socio-cultural factors.Under the discipline of powers,women’s body in their menstrual period is labelled as“premenstrual syndrome”,while their mother identity makes them concern about their reproductive capabilities.This leads to women’s contradictive opinions on menstruation.On the one hand,they consider menstruation as a special phenomenon and hope to remove its restrictions;on the other hand,they do not want to lose reproductive capabilities.In the face of various taboos caused by the socio-cultural significances of menstruation,contemporary Chinese young women’s exploration of subjectivity is not achieved through dramatic political movements,but through daily life practices such as constructing social support systems,reducing serious narratives,rethinking the cover-up of menstruation in public spaces,and innovating the dissemination methods of menstrual knowledge.