现代汉语中后缀“家”的用法及来源

The Usage and Source of the Suffix"Home"in Modern Chinese Language

“家”在现代汉语中可以充当后缀。根据其虚化程度,后缀“家”可分为类词缀和典型词缀两类。类词缀的“家”多附于名词和谓词后,表示某类人。典型词缀的“家”则多附于指人名词和人称代词后,起到增加感情色彩或凑足音节的作用。其中类词缀“家”的语义演变路径为:“家庭”义→“学术流派”义→“掌握某种专业知识或从事专门事业的人”之义;典型词缀“家”的语义演变路径为:“家庭”义→“人的身份或职业”之义→名词词尾或代词词尾。其语义演变动因主要有转喻、隐喻、主观性以及特殊文体要求。

"Home"'can be used as a suffix in modern Chinese language.According to its degree of vacuity,the suffix"home"can be divided into two categories:class affix and typical affix.The"home"of a class affix is mostly attached to nouns and predicates,indicating a certain type of person.The"home"of typical affixes is mostly attached to nouns and personal pronouns to add emotional color or make up enough syllables,among which the semantic evolution path of the affix"home"is as follows:meaning of"family"→meaning of"academic school"→meaning of"one who has a certain professional knowledge or engages in a special career";the semantic evolution path of the typical affix"home"is as follows:the meaning of"family"→the meaning of"human identity or occupation"→the end of the noun or the end of the pronoun.The main reasons for its semantic evolution are metonymy,metaphor,subjectivity and special stylistic requirements.