数字金融发展减缓农村多维相对贫困的实证研究

An Empirical Research on the Development of Digital Finance to Alleviate Multidimensional Relative Poverty in Rural Areas

数字金融的长尾效应是缓解农村相对贫困的重要线索之一。利用中国家庭追踪调查数据和北京大学数字普惠金融指数,在精准识别我国农村多维相对贫困的基础上,系统考察数字金融发展对我国农村多维相对贫困的影响。研究发现,数字金融发展显著缓解了农村多维相对贫困的发生,且主要作用于低人力资本水平家庭和相对贫困指数较高的家庭,具有较强的长尾效应。机制分析表明,数字金融发展在客观上有助于促进农村相对贫困家庭金融活动参与并缓解其信贷融资约束,在主观上有助于提升农村相对贫困家庭的主观社会地位,增强其面对未来的信心。研究为精准识别我国农村相对贫困提供了方法论基础,并为利用数字金融工具构建解决相对贫困的长效机制提供了依据。

The long-tail impact of digital finance is expected to play a pivotal role in addressing rural relative poverty in China.This study systematically investigates the influence of digital financial development on China's rural multidimensional relative poverty,utilizing data from the China Family Panel Studies and the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index of China.By accurately identifying China's multidimensional relative poverty,the study reveals that digital financial development significantly reduces the occurrence of rural multidimensional relative poverty,particularly benefiting households with low levels of human capital and higher relative poverty indices.Mechanism analysis demonstrates that digital financial development objectively facilitates the participation of rurally poor households in financial activities,alleviating their credit and financing constraints.Moreover,it subjectively enhances the social status perception of rural relative poor households and boosts their confidence in the future.This research not only establishes a methodological foundation for accurately detecting rural relative poverty in China but also provides a basis for leveraging digital financial technologies to develop sustainable mechanisms for addressing relative poverty in the long run.