庙底沟文化“大房子”功用的新认识

New Understanding about the Functions of the“Big Houses”Associated with the Miaodigou Culture

规模宏大、结构复杂的半地穴式五边形大房子是庙底沟文化的重要标志之一,其功用已有许多学者进行过研究。本文通过对这类建筑的内部结构、周边遗存及相关因素的重新梳理,认为它很可能与当时最具影响力的彩陶制作相关联。半地穴式五边形大房子和“华山玫瑰”等具有礼器性质的彩陶基本同生共灭,这种正相关关系的探索为认识庙底沟文化的聚落结构和史前中国社会的复杂化进程提供了新的视角。

The large-scale subterranean pentagon houses with complex internal structure represent one important characteristic of the Miaodigou culture.Their functions have also been widely discussed by many scholars.Through reanalyzing the internal structure,surrounding remains,and the related factors of this type of buildings,this paper proposes a new idea that those big houses might have been related to production of polychrome pottery,the most influential type of ceramics at that time.The author highlighted that large-scale subterranean pentagon houses and ceremonial polychrome ceramics,such as those with“Huashan rose”motifs,always coexist.The exploration of this positive correlation provides a new perspective of the settlement structure of the Miaodigou culture and the complexity process of prehistoric Chinese society.