洱海螺蛳(Margarya)历史演替及保护现状研究

Analysis on Succession and Conservation Status of Margarya in Lake Erhai

螺蛳是中国特有种,曾经是云南高原湖泊的优势种群,由于人类活动、湖泊污染和过度捕捞等原因,目前仅在滇池、洱海、海西海、泸沽湖等湖泊分布。目前有三个属:螺蛳属(Margarya)、玺螺蛳属(Tchangmargarya)和环螺蛳属(Anularya)。文章详细介绍了螺蛳的分类、生活习性、食性、繁殖方式等基本生物特性,深入探讨了螺蛳在洱海的历史演替、增殖放流情况、保护现状及濒危原因,并据此提出了针对性的保育措施,包括建立高原湖泊软体动物人工繁育基地,进行珍稀濒危物种拯救行动计划,以及恢复野外种群,旨在为洱海本土螺蛳恢复提供科学依据,促进螺蛳及其他本土特有珍稀软体动物的保护和恢复。

Margaryabelongs to endemic species of China,and it was once dominant in the plateau lakes of Yunnan.As a consequence of intensified human activities,such as pollution and overfishing,margarya could only be found inLakeDianchi,LakeErhai,LakeHaixihai andLake Lvgu at present.There are currentlythree generaofmargarya:Margarya,Tchangmargarya and Anularya.Inthispaper,the taxa,basic biological characteristics,succession,conservation status and endangered reasons of Margarya inLakeErhai was comprehensive investigated.Based on the analysis,the paper proposed targeted conservation measures,including the establishment of artificial breeding bases,the implementation of rescue action plans for rare and endangered species,and the restoration of wild population.The objective is to provide a scientific foundation for the recoveryof endemicmargaryain Erhai and to advance the protection and restoration of other endangeredendemicmollusks.