玉露香梨两种树形光照分布与果实产量及品质的比较

Comparison of Light Distribution and Fruit Yield,Quality of Two Tree Shapes in Yulu Fragrant Pear

以树龄4 a玉露香梨为试材,研究倒伞形和圆柱形两种树形冠层内的光照分布及其对果实产量及品质的影响。研究表明,两种树形冠层内相对光照强度变化一致,都是从上层至下层,从外围至内膛逐渐减弱。两种树形的果形指数相近,单果质量、果肉硬度和石细胞含量也一致,都从树冠上层至下层逐渐降低,果形指数逐渐增高,可溶性固形物均表现为树冠中层>上层>下层。但圆柱形树体果实产量低于倒伞形树形,硬度和石细胞含量低于倒伞形树形;单果质量、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸都高于倒伞形树形。综和评价,圆柱形树形更适宜西北高原环境,生产实践中应结合修剪调整产量。

Using 4-year-old Yulu fragrant pear trees as experimental materials,this study investigated the distribution of light intensity within the canopy of two tree shapes,umbrella-shaped and cylindrical,and their effects on fruit yield and quality.The results indicated that the relative light intensity decreased consistently from the upper to the lower layers and from the periphery to the interior of the canopy in both tree shapes.The fruit shape index was similar in both tree shapes,and single fruit weight,fruit firmness,and stone cell content decreased gradually from the upper to the lower layers of the canopy,while the fruit shape index increased gradually,and soluble solids content was highest in the middle layer,followed by the upper layer and the lower layer.However,the fruit yield of cylindrical trees was lower than that of umbrella-shaped trees,and fruit firmness and stone cell content were also lower in cylindrical trees compared to umbrella-shaped trees.Single fruit weight,soluble solids content,and titratable acidity were higher in cylindrical trees compared to umbrella-shaped trees.In conclusion,cylindrical tree shapes are more suitable for the environment of the northwest plateau,and in practical production,yield should be adjusted in combination with pruning.