说书艺术对传统相声的价值与影响

The Value of the Storytelling Art and Its Influence on Traditional Chinese Crosstalk

传统相声艺术是国家级第二批、北京市首批非物质文化遗产,是民族艺术的经典代表,至今活跃在主流舞台,在现实生活有巨大影响。本文对比研究说书和传统相声的艺术、内容和源流,佐以历史梳理,系统分析说书艺术对传统相声发展的巨大价值:一是传统相声初兴时作品匮乏,大量吸收和改编了说书名作;二是相声艺人大量转自说书行,说书行业为相声的崛起提供了丰厚的人才储备;三是说书艺术精于外插花,通过“滑稽书胆”制造肉里噱,丰满了传统相声的包袱艺术;四是说书艺术的“三番四抖”和外插花艺术影响了相声表演的艺术结构。

Traditional Chinese crosstalk,a renowned intangible cultural heritage in the nation,is highly representative of the nation's classical arts.Active for long on the stage,it wields a strong influence on the practical life of the people.Through a contrastive analysis of the art of storytelling and and traditional Chinese crosstalk,the present paper finds that first,at the beginning,there was a shortage of works for the latter,resulting in a large number of storytelling masterpieces being absorbed and adapted.Secondly,with a huge number of crosstalk artists carrying a background of storytelling,the art of storytelling has greatly promoted various artistic techniques used in crosstalk.And,thirdly,the traditional storytelling art exerts a comprehensive and profound influence on the development of crosstalk through three bridges:the input of artists,the input of works,and the penetration of communication.