水生昆虫肠道微生物研究进展

Research progress on gut microbes in aquatic insects

水生昆虫在水生生态系统中具有重要的生态功能,扮演着有机物降解、水质净化和营养循环等角色,对维持水体健康至关重要。水生昆虫肠道微生物在与宿主长期的共进化过程中,形成了极为多样的菌群结构和丰富的生物学功能。变形菌门Proteobacteria和厚壁菌门Firmicutes是大多数水生昆虫肠道微生物中的优势菌,但受宿主分类学差异、栖息地转变、生活环境参数改变、食性和免疫的影响,不同水生昆虫的肠道微生物组成呈现多样性。肠道微生物参与调节水生昆虫生长发育、消化代谢、免疫防御和解毒等功能。通过宿主交配和取食,水生昆虫肠道微生物在宿主种间和种内传播。本文简要回顾了水生昆虫肠道微生物的组成及对其主要的影响因素,总结了其与宿主间的关系及传播方式,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。本研究可为挖掘具有特殊功能的微生物资源和探索昆虫水生适应的肠道微生物学机制提供参考。

Aquatic insects possess prominent ecological functions in water ecosystem,which play key roles for degradation of organic compounds,water purification,and nutrient cycling,maintaining health of water bodies.In the process of long-term co-evolution with the hosts,gut microbes of aquatic insects have been formed high-diverse population structure and biological function.Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla are the dominant gut microbes for the most aquatic insects,which are affected by taxonomic difference,habitat transition,change in living environment factors,feeding habits,and host immunity,resulting in diversity of gut microbiota among aquatic insects.Gut microbiome participated in regulation on biological function of aquatic insects,such as growth and development,digestion and metabolism,immune defense,and detoxification.Interspecific and intraspecific transmission of gut microbiota of aquatic insects was performed through mating and feeding.In brief,this paper reviewed the composition of the gut microbiota in aquatic insects and the key influence factors,and summarized the relationship between the gut microbiota and the hosts as well as the mode of transmission of the gut microbiota,then discussed the future research.The study will provide a reference for mining microbial resources with special function and exploring the adaptation mechanism of insects to water environments from perspectives of the gut microbiota.