天津武清区稻田节肢动物群落多样性

Arthropod diversity of paddy fields in Wuqing District,Tianjin

明确稻田节肢动物多样性,发挥自然生态系统对害虫的调控作用是制定水稻害虫生态控制策略前提和基础。本研究调查了天津市武清区稻田节肢动物群落多样性,采集了8 262个节肢动物样本,隶属3纲、12目、59科、127种。其中,害虫41种、中性节肢动物29种和天敌57种。其中天敌包括捕食性天敌49种及寄生性天敌8种。天津稻田节肢动物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数分别为3.1513和0.6505,Simpson优势集中性指数为0.1193。天津稻田害虫优势种为灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus,中性节肢动物以铜色长角沼蝇Sepedon aenescens数量最多,捕食性天敌主要有黄尾小蟌Agriocnemis pyqmaea、褐斑异痣蟌Ischnura sengalensis、黄蜻Pantala flavescens、圆尾肖蛸Tetragnatha vermiformis、锥腹肖蛸Tetragnatha maxillosa、异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis等。寄生性天敌主要以黑腹单节螯蜂Haplogonatopus oratorius占优势,且在天津首次报道。本研究明确了天津武清稻田节肢动物群落的多样性,为开发应用天敌昆虫及害虫生态控制提供借鉴。

Understanding the arthropod diversity in paddy fields and applying ecosystem s regulating function is the base for putting up ecologically based pest management.In this study,the arthropod diversity of paddy fields in Wuqing,Tianjin was investigated and 8262 arthropod samples,which belonging to 3 classes,12 orders,59 families and 127 species,were collected.Totally,there were 41 species of pests,29 species of neutral arthropods and 57 species of natural enemies.Among natural enemies,49 predatory natural enemies and 8 parasitic natural were identified.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominant index of arthropod population in Tianjin paddy field were 3.1513,0.6505 and 0.1193,respectively.Our study showed that Laodelphax striatellus was the dominant rice pests and Sepedon aenescens was the most abundant neutral arthropod.Agriocnemis pyqmaea,Ischnura sengalensis,Pantala flavescens,Tetragnatha vermiformis,Tetragnatha maxillosa,Harmonia axyridis were the major predatory natural enemies.Haplogonatopus oratorius was the dominant parasitoid,and was first reported in Tianjin.This study showed arthropod diversity of paddy fields in Wuqing,Tianjin,and provided clues for the developing both natural enemy and ecologically based pest management.