闲置宅基地形成机理、规模测算与整治前景——基于宅基地闲置类型的讨论

Formation Mechanism,Scale Calculation and Governance Prospect of Idle Homestead——Discussion Based on the Type of Idle Homestead

认识闲置宅基地形成机理、测算闲置宅基地规模是推动闲置宅基地有效治理的关键。从宅基地承担的居住保障功能存废视角,将闲置宅基地分为绝对闲置、相对闲置、合理闲置和部分闲置四种类型。人口变动、农户认知和宅基地管理制度共同造就了不同类型的闲置宅基地。目前我国绝对闲置宅基地比例为11.82%、相对闲置比例为7.69%、合理闲置比例为7.01%、部分闲置比例为11.31%。绝对闲置和相对闲置宅基地是重点退出和盘活的对象,整治潜力为268.23万公顷。闲置宅基地治理面临空间分布与需求不匹配、已有政策存在局限等问题,需要从健全宅基地管理制度和拓宽闲置宅基地处置途径两方面完善闲置宅基地治理政策体系。

Understanding the formation mechanism of idle homestead and scientifically measuring its scale are the key to promote the effective governance of idle homestead.Based on the perspective of whether the homestead has the residential security function,the idle homestead is divided into four types:absolute idle,relative idle,reasonable idle and partial idle.The population change,farmers’cognition and homestead management system have jointly created different types of idle homestead.After calculation,the absolute idle homestead ratio is 11.82%,the relative idle ratio is 7.69%,the reasonable idle ratio is 7.01%,and the partial idle ratio is 11.31%.The absolute and relative idle homesteads are the key objects of withdrawal and the revitalization remediation potential is 2,682,300 hectares.The governance of idle homestead will also face problems such as the mismatch between spatial distribution and demand,and the limitations of existing policies.Finally,the article puts forward suggestions from two aspects to improving the governance policy system of idle homestead:Improving the homestead management system and broadening the way of idle homestead disposal.