海岸带土地利用适宜性评价与布局优化研究——基于自然-社会经济脆弱性评估

Research on Land Use Suitability Evaluation and Layout Optimization in Coastal Zones:Vulnerability Assessment Based on the Nature-social Economy

脆弱性评估能够有效弥补当前海岸带空间开发适宜性评价中对陆海交互作用的研究不足,对陆海统筹与科学防灾具有重要意义。以深圳市东西涌为例,从灾害胁迫性与空间适应力两方面,选取6个自然变量,4个经济社会变量构建自然-社会微观脆弱性评价方法。同时,基于脆弱性评估构建土地利用展适宜性矩阵,进行空间发展优化。结果表明:1)东西涌地区极高自然脆弱性区段占比27.4%,多位于生态脆弱与高风浪暴露度的内湾沙滩区段;社会极高脆弱性区段占比10.9%,多位于高强度聚集开发的城镇用地;2)基于发展适宜性评价矩阵,东西涌地区较不适宜发展区域占比最高,高达35.6%,较适宜开发区域占比其次,不适宜与适宜开发空间占比较小;3)针对不同空间提出“滨海界面动态适灾-岸线后方点状供地-腹地空间低影响开发”的空间优化路径。

With intensifying global climate change and the rapid development of the ocean economy,the social-ecological systems of coastal zones exhibit high sensitivity and vulnerability.Coastal zones serve as important carriers for the development of maritime power.There is a critical need to construct a safety guarantee system for coastal space.The coastal zones in China are important carriers of high-density social and economic activities.However,the land use suitability evaluation system oriented to national spatial planning lacks consideration of the interaction between the land and sea.Further,the land use pattern with consideration of high-efficiency utilization and disaster prevention is still under exploration.This research took a microscale approach and focused on the significant stresses of natural disasters and human activities in coastal zones.In this study,land use suitability in the Dongxichong Region of Shenzhen City,where there are frequent marine disasters,diversified spatial elements,and extremely high ecological sensitivity,was evaluated.Starting from the core elements of nature-man interactions in coastal zones,a naturesocioeconomic coastal vulnerability index(N-S/MCVI)under the scale coastal functional zone was established.With respect to the possibility of disasters and physical adaption,coastal terrain,natural habitat,wind exposure,wave exposure,wind storms,and landforms were chosen to establish the coastal natural vulnerability evaluation system.Based on post-disaster potential losses and future space restoration,four indices,i.e.,land use patterns,population density,road grade,and land-sea functional coordination,were chosen to form the socioeconomic vulnerability evaluation system.Moreover,two-dimensional spatial matching between natural vulnerability and socioeconomic vulnerability was performed by introducing the distance attenuation index to build a coastal land use suitability evaluation matrix.This was then applied to a comparative analysis and optimization of land use status and planning in the Dongxichong Region.The results showed that:1)the natural vulnerability index in the Dongxichong Region was 1.35-2.24,generally indicating extremely high vulnerability and accounting for 27.4%of the total land area.The socioeconomic vulnerability index ranged from 1.41-2.98 and the region with low vulnerability accounted for the highest proportion(34.1%)of the total land area.2)According to the land use suitability evaluation matrix,the area unsuitable for development in the Dongxichong Region accounted for the highest proportion(35.6%)of the total area and was mainly distributed in nearshore areas.The proportion of unsuitable development space was the lowest(10.3%)and was mainly distributed in the nearshore tourism functional zone of Xichong.3)The suitability evaluation results were compared with the regional plan.An optimization strategy of"coastal interface dynamic adaptation to disaster-pointed land supply behind the coastal line-low-impact development of inland space"was proposed.Finally,a natural ecological pattern of high mountains-low forests and wetland-coastal sand dunes,as well as a human settlement space pattern of"disaster avoidance,reduction,and adaptation",was established.Focusing on the microscale coastal space,this study used the spatial vulnerability of the land-sea interaction as the key premise of coastal land use suitability evaluation,with the aim of providing a measurement method and optimization path for the safe layout and resilience improvement of urban coastal land and sea use.