从“无产者联合”到“劳动者联合”:世界革命视域下列宁民族政策的发展演进

From“Proletarian Union”to“Labor Union”:Development and Evolution of Lenin’s Ethnic Policy from the Perspective of World Revolution

20世纪初,东方和西方分处民族运动发展的第一趋势时期和第二趋势时期,亚洲进入民族民主革命时期,西欧进入无产阶级夺取政权时期。在世界革命将在西欧国家爆发并解放所有民族的观点主导下,列宁以西欧对民族问题的政策应服务于无产阶级的阶级斗争利益为原则,以反对资产阶级分裂工人的民族主义为立足点,制定了“无产者联合”这一囊括东方在内的解决世界民族问题的根本政策。其后,东方民族革命地位的上升和列宁对社会主义革命的重新诠释,“劳动者联合”在俄国革命和处理俄国民族问题中的实践,巩固苏维埃政权的需要等,共同促使“劳动者联合”取代“无产者联合”成为列宁处理世界民族问题的根本政策,并最终在共产国际二大上形成系统理论和纲领性文件。“劳动者联合”成为共产国际指导解决世界民族问题的最重要、最根本原则。

At the beginning of the 20th century,the East and the West were in the first and second trend periods of national movement respectively.Asia entered the period of national democratic revolution,while Western Europe entered the period of proletarian seizure of power.Under the leading view that global revolution would erupt in Western European countries to liberate all ethnic groups,Lenin adhered to the principle that Western European policies on ethnic issues should serve the interests of proletariat class struggle,and formulated the fundamental policy of“proletarian union”to solve global ethnic problems including the East with the basis on the opposition to the nationalism of bourgeois division of workers.Subsequently,the rise of the status of the eastern national revolution and Lenin’s reinterpretation of the socialist revolution,the practice of“labor union”in the Russian revolution and the handling of Russian national issues,and the need to consolidate the Soviet regime,all jointly made“labor union”replace“proletarian union”and become Lenin’s fundamental policy in handling global ethnic issues,ultimately form systematic theory and programmatic documents at the Second Congress of the Communist International,and then turn into the most important and fundamental principle for the Communist International to guide the resolution of global ethnic issues.