马克思早期“无产阶级”立场和概念形成探究

Research on the Formation of Marx’s Early Standpoint and Concept of“Proletariat”

无产阶级概念是马克思早期思想的重要内容,他提出只有无产阶级才能承担起实现人类解放的伟大使命。马克思对无产阶级的认知是一个渐进的过程,从《莱茵报》时期关注现实生活,看到“一无所有的贫苦群众”,确立了为贫苦大众争取利益的立场,到《论犹太人问题》批判宗教解放和政治解放,提出“人的解放”的口号,最后在《<黑格尔法哲学批判>导言》中,马克思赋予了“无产阶级”人的解放的使命。“无产阶级”就是指没有生产资料受雇于资本家阶级的社会阶层。

The concept of the proletariat is an important aspect of Marx’s early thought,who proposed that only the proletariat can undertake the noble mission of the realizing human liberation.Marx’s understanding of the proletariat evolves from his attention to the realities of life during his time at the Rheinische Zeitung,where he observed the“propertyless impoverished masses”and established a stance advocating for the interests of the impoverished masses,to his critique of religious and political liberation in“On the Jewish Question,”where he introduced the slogan of“human liberation.”Finally,in the“Introduction”to his“Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right,”Marx bestowed upon the proletariat the mission of human liberation.The“proletariat”refers to the social class deprived of the means of production and employed by the capitalist class.