钢渣基盾粉/橡胶复合材料的性能及机理

Properties and mechanism of steel slag based shield powder/rubber composites

基于利用超细立磨与钢渣制备钢渣基盾粉(简称盾粉)的研究成果,以橡胶工业配方制备盾粉/橡胶复合材料。测试矿物成分、化学成分、粒度分布、结构组成、微观结构和热稳定性,从微观层面阐述盾粉用于橡胶工业配方的相关机理。结果表明:当盾粉替代炭黑比例为5%~10%(质量分数,下同)时,盾粉与橡胶基体的相容性较好,盾粉/橡胶复合材料拉伸强度为16.16~17.06 MPa,高于15 MPa,拉伸伸长率为619.8%~668.21%,高于350%,磨耗量为130~196 mm^(3),小于200 mm^(3),均满足国标要求;当盾粉替代炭黑比例为5%时,盾粉/橡胶复合材料的硫化时间缩短、硫化速率指数提高。盾粉/橡胶复合材料燃烧时,一方面盾粉中SiO2与硫自由基、Fe、Zn、Al发生反应形成Si-Mg阻燃体系、Si-Al阻燃体系与Si-Fe消烟体系;另一方面盾粉与橡胶体系产生关联作用组成致密的炭层,阻止部分热量的传递与火焰的蔓延。

Steel slag shield powder(shield powder for short)/rubber composites were prepared by rubber industry formulations based on the research results of preparing steel slag based shield powder by utilizing an ultra-fine vertical mill and steel slag. The mineral composition, chemical composition, particle size distribution, structural composition, microstructure, and thermal stability of the shield powder/rubber composite material were tested, and the relevant mechanisms of using the shield powder in rubber industry formulations were explained at the microscopic level. The results show that the shield powder has good compatibility with the rubber matrix when the proportion of shield powder replacing carbon black is 5%-10%(mass fraction, the same as below). The tensile strength of shield powder/rubber composites is 16. 16-17. 06 MPa, which is higher than 15 MPa. The tensile elongation is 619. 8%-668. 21%, which is higher than 350%. The abrasion is 130-196 mm^(3), which is less than 200 mm^(3). All values meet the requirements of national standards. When the replacing proportion is 5%, the vulcanization time of the shield powder/rubber composites is shortened and the vulcanization rate index is increased. When the shield powder/rubber composites burn,SiO2 in the shield powder reacts with sulfur radicals, Fe, Zn, and Al, creating the Si-Mg flame retardant system, Si-Al flame retardant system, and Si-Fe smokeextinguishing body. Furthermore, the shield powder and the rubber system are linked to create a dense carbon layer, which inhibits the partial heat transfer and the flame spread.