肥大细胞在特应性皮炎发病中的作用及相关治疗进展

Role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and related treatment progress

特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)发病机制复杂,多种细胞参与其发病过程。肥大细胞主要分布于皮肤和黏膜,是多种变态反应性疾病的重要效应细胞,但肥大细胞在AD发病机制中的作用尚不完全明确。研究表明,肥大细胞主要通过“IgE-FcεRI-组胺”途径和“MrgprB2/X2-类胰蛋白酶”途径在AD的发病中发挥作用,同时肥大细胞还释放多种2型炎症相关细胞因子进一步促进AD的免疫失衡。本文主要回顾近年来肥大细胞在AD发病机制中的研究及相关治疗进展,以期为AD的治疗与管理提供新思路。

The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis(AD)is complex and multifactorial.Multiple cells are involved in.Mast cells which are mainly located in skin and mucous membrane have been recognized as major effective cells in pathogenesis of allergic diseases.However,the role of mast cells in AD is not fully understood.Results of recent studies have shown the role of the‘IgE-FcεRI-histamine’axis and the‘MrgprB2/X2-tryptase’axis in the pathogenesis of AD.Mast cells can also release a variety of type 2 inflammatory cytokines to further promote the immune imbalance in AD.Research progress of mast cells in the pathogenesis of AD and the novel targeted therapeutic strategies for treatment were reviewed in this article.