新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区夏季鹅喉羚和蒙古野驴的生境适宜性和重叠性分析

Habitat Suitability and Overlap Analysis of Gazella subgutturosa and Equus hemionus in Summer in Mt.Kalamali Ungulate Nature Reserve,Xinjiang

新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区是国内鹅喉羚Gazella subgutturosa和蒙古野驴Equus hemio-nus分布最集中的区域,基于2022年夏季的样线调查数据,运用MaxEnt模型得出二者的适宜生境,计算其适宜生境的重叠度。结果显示,保护区内鹅喉羚和蒙古野驴的适宜生境面积分别为3934 km^(2)和4036 km^(2),占保护区总面积的26.85%和27.54%;对两者生境影响最大的环境因子均为距铁路距离、距水源地距离和最湿季度平均温度;生态位重叠指数D和Ⅰ分别为0.8279和0.971;两者适宜生境的重叠部分面积为2479 km^(2),分别占各自适宜生境面积的63.01%和61.42%。建议结合两物种重叠的适宜生境和水源地分布,规划区内的主要保护区域,并建立廊道以减少铁路对物种的影响。本研究结果可为卡拉麦里国家公园的区域规划及保护工作的开展提供参考。

Distribution status of different main species in the same area should be considered in the conservation of a particular species.Mt.Kalamali Ungulate Nature Reserve in Xinjiang is the area with the most concentrated distribution of Gazella subgutturosa and Equus hemionus,and with the largest number of E.hemionus.There are few human activities in this area,which is suitable for habitat overlap research.Based on the transect survey data in the summer of 2022,the Max-Ent model was used to obtain the suitable habitats of the two species,and the overlap of the suitable habitats was calculated.The results showed that:(1)the suitable habitat areas of these two species were 3934 km^(2)and 4036 km^(2),accounting for 26.85%and 27.54%of the total area,respectively.(2)The environmental factors that had the greatest influence on the habitats of these two species were the distances from railway and water source,and the average temperature of the wettest season.(3)Niche overlap index D andⅠvalues were 0.8279 and 0.971,respectively,indicating that the spatial niches of these two species were highly overlapping.The overlap area of suitable habitat for both species was 2479 km^(2),accounting for 63.01%and 61.42%of the suitable habitat area,respectively.It is suggested that the main protection areas in the study area should be planned according to the overlapping suitable habitat and water source distribution of the two species,and corridors should be established to reduce the impact of railway on the species.Therefore,the result of this study can provide reference for the regional planning and protection of Kalamari National Park.