成都平原春播菜用大豆品种鲜籽粒品质对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Fresh Seed Quality of Spring-sown Vegetable Soybean Varieties in Chengdu Plain

为明确成都平原春播菜用大豆品种的品质表现,进一步筛选优良品种,对来源不同且集中种植的8个菜用大豆品种豆荚采后6项农艺性状指标(单株荚重、标准荚数、标准荚率、二粒荚长、二粒荚宽和百粒鲜重)和8项营养品质指标(干物质、维生素C、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、粗纤维和粗脂肪)进行测试分析,探讨测试指标间的相关性,通过系统聚类分析对品种进行品质分类,采用隶属函数法分析所有测试指标,并对品种进行了综合排序。结果表明:14项测试指标在品种间的变异系数在3.02%~54.22%之间,其中标准荚数、百粒鲜重、单株荚重、游离氨基酸、粗纤维、叶绿素和可溶性糖系数均大于10%,游离氨基酸变异系数最高,为54.22%;各项品质性状指标间存在一定的相关性,二粒荚长与单株荚重呈显著负相关,与标准荚数呈极显著负相关,干物质与可溶性蛋白呈极显著正相关;聚类分析将所有品种分为2大类4小类;隶属函数分析排序显示,川鲜豆6号和交大133两个品种的综合品质最优,表现出良好的商品性和营养风味。本研究明确了成都平原春播菜用大豆的采后品质特性,筛选出川鲜豆6号和交大133两个优良菜用大豆品种,为优良品种选择提供了参考依据。

In order to clarify the quality performance of spring-sown vegetable soybean varieties in Chengdu Plain and further select excellent varieties,6 agronomic traits(pod weight per plant,standard pod number,standard pod rate,binomial pod length,binomial pod width,100 fresh weight)and 8 nutritional quality indexes(dry matter,vitamin C,chlorophyll,soluble protein,soluble sugar,free amino acid,crude fiber,crude fat)of 8 vegetable soybean varieties were tested and analyzed.The correlation among the test indexes was discussed,the quality of varieties was classified by systematic cluster analysis,all the test indexes were analyzed by membership function,and the varieties were sorted comprehensively.The results showed that the coefficient of variation of 14 tested indicators ranged from 3.02%to 54.22%among varieties,among which the coefficient of standard pods number,fresh weight of 100 seeds,pods weight per plant,free amino acid,crude fiber,chlorophyll and soluble sugar were all greater than 10%,and the coefficient of variation of free amino acid was the highest(54.22%).There was a certain correlation among the quality traits.The two-seed pod length was negatively correlated with pod weight per plant,the standard pods number was significantly negatively correlated with dry matter and soluble protein.All varieties were divided into 2 categories and 4 subcategories by cluster analysis.The subordination function analysis showed that Chuanxiandou 6 and Jiaoda 133 had the best comprehensive quality,showing good commodity and nutritional flavor.This study clarified the postharvest quality characteristics of spring-sown vegetable soybean varieties in Chengdu Plain,and selected two excellent vegetable soybean varieties,Chuanxiandou 6 and Jiaoda 133,and provides a reference for the selection of excellent varieties.